Aortic elastic properties and cognitive function in elderly individuals: The Ikaria Study

Abstract

BackgroundThe aim of this work was to evaluate the association between aortic elastic properties and cognitive function in elderly individuals, permanent inhabitants of Ikaria Island. MethodsIn 535 individuals (75±6 years, 53% males) aortic distensibility (AoD) was non-invasively calculated from the aortic diameters measured with echocardiography and brachial artery pressure using the formula by Stefanadis et al.; cognitive status was evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results88% of the elders had normal values of MMSE score (i.e., ≥24). Elders who achieved MMSE score ≥24 had higher values of AoD (1.90±2.06 vs. 1.08±1.42, p<0.001), as well as were more physically active (85% vs. 69%, p=0.05), had higher educational status (8.5±2.8 years vs. 6±2 years, p=0.001), higher creatinine clearance levels (70±21 vs. 63±23, p=0.05) and lower pulse pressure (PP) values (63±16 vs. 68±18, p=0.06), as compared with those individuals with MMSE<24. Logistic regression analysis showed that for every unit increase in AoD there was a 25% higher likelihood of having MMSE≥24 (OR per 1000×mmHg−1=1.25, 95%CI 0.99–1.58), after adjustments for age, gender, current smoking, cardiovascular disease, creatinine clearance, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, physical activity status and education status. Furthermore having PP levels in the upper tertile (>70mmHg), increases by 55% the likelihood of having MMSE<24 (OR for above 70mmHg=0.45, 95%CI 0.22, 0.92), after the same adjustments were made. ConclusionArterial aging seems to affect cognitive function; a finding that states a novel research hypothesis about the pathophysiological mechanisms of mental functioning.