Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to explore the mechanisms and conditions whereby Tension-Type Headache (TTH) presenteeism relates to health-related loss of productivity as a result of both reduced physical and mental health. To this end, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to conduct a secondary data analysis of a randomized clinical trial involving 78 Tension-type Headache (TTH) patients. The results showed that TTH presenteeism did not directly relate to health-related loss of productivity, either due to physical, or mental health problems. However, through anxiety-state, TTH presenteeism decreased patients’ productivity, as consequence of reduced physical and mental health. Moreover, by increasing the severity of the Tension-Type Headache, TTH presenteeism indirectly decreased patients’ productivity as consequence of reduced physical health (but not mental health). Finally, our results show that such indirect effects only occur when the cause of TTH is non-mechanical (e.g., hormonal causes, etc.). Our work provides an integrative model that can inform organizational behaviorists and health professionals (e.g., physiotherapists). Implications for organizational health are discussed.
Highlights
Presenteeism, defined as “attending work when ill” [1], costs organizations up to $150 billion/ year just in the US alone [2,3,4]
As goodness-of-fit indicators, besides scaled χ2 differences, we provide the χ2/DF ratio, the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), and Weighted Root Mean Square Residual (WRMSR), taking as cut-off values a χ2/DF ratio below 3.86, CFI and TLI values above .90 and RMSEA and WRMSR values below .08 and 1 respectively [45,46,47]
Our work provides an integrative model that is informative for organizational behaviorists and health professionals
Summary
Presenteeism, defined as “attending work when ill” [1], costs organizations up to $150 billion/ year just in the US alone [2,3,4]. Presenteeism can exacerbate pre-existing physical and psychological problems and lead to workers’ long-term disability. Understanding presenteeism is critical for HR scholars and health practitioners concerned with healthrelated loss of productivity [5,6,7]. The growing interest in presenteeism emerged from two primary sources, (a) European management and health-related scholars and (b) North-American medical scholars focusing on occupational medicine. These two “camps” seem to have a diverging.
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