Antixenosis in Glycine max (L.) Merr against Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)

Katarzyna Stec,Joanna Mroczek,Jan Bocianowski,Iwona Sergiel,Magdalena Biesaga,Bożena Kordan,Beata Gabryś

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94703-6

Abstract

To reveal the antixenosis potential against the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) we analyzed the pea aphid survival and probing behavior, and the quantitative and qualitative variation of flavonoids in the leaves of selected soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr (Fabaceae) cultivars ‘Aldana’, ‘Annushka’, ‘Augusta’, ‘Madlen’, ‘Mavka’, ‘Simona’, ‘Violetta’, and ‘Viorica’. Aphid survival was drastically impeded on all cultivars. The electronic monitoring of aphid probing using the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique revealed that on all soybean cultivars, A. pisum readily probed into leaf tissues but the probes were usually terminated before reaching vascular tissues, which demonstrates the activity of antixenosis mechanisms in peripheral tissues epidermis and/or mesophyll in soybean leaves. The potency of antixenosis factors differed among soybean cultivars, which was reflected in differences in aphid survival and frequency and duration of phloem sap ingestion. Seven flavonoids were found: apigenin, daidzein, genistein, glycitein, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and rutin, which occurred in different amount and proportion in individual cultivars. The content of apigenin and genistein in all soybean cultivars studied probably made them relatively unacceptable to A. pisum. Kaempferol in ‘Aldana’ might be responsible for the observed strong antixenosis resistance of this cultivar to A. pisum. The results of our survey provide the first detailed data that can be used for future studies.

Highlights

Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae) is one of the most important world crops in both the temperate and tropical regions[1]
We demonstrated that the pea aphids of Pisum sativum-derived biotype are able to successfully infest and feed upon various forage and grain legumes that are not the key host plants of this aphid biotype[24,25,26]
G. max is not a favored host for the pea-biotype of the pea aphid, a relatively susceptible soybean cultivar may become a residue for this biotype in the agroecosystem, which may contribute to the risk of virus spread

Summary

Introduction

Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae) is one of the most important world crops in both the temperate and tropical regions[1]. We demonstrated that the pea aphids of Pisum sativum-derived biotype are able to successfully infest and feed upon various forage and grain legumes that are not the key host plants of this aphid biotype[24,25,26]. The reduction in the duration of stylet penetration and especially the prevention of stylet penetration beyond the epidermis and mesophyll may lower the direct impact of the pea aphid on the yield and contribute to the decrease in the transmission of semi-persistent and persistent v iruses[28] These goals are often achieved in cultivars that exhibit antixenosis resistance. In the course of our previous studies on the susceptibility of various species of grain legumes to A. pisum, we discovered strong antixenosis potential against the P. sativum-derived biotype of the pea aphid in soybean cv. Variation in antibiosis and antixenosis towards A. glycines was reported among various genotypes of G. max[11]

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Conclusion