Antiwear and extreme pressure properties of hazelnut oil blended with ZDDP

Abstract

Purpose The paper aims to investigate the effect of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) on wear and extreme pressure (EP) capabilities of hazelnut oil. Design/methodology/approach A four-ball tribometer is used to study the effect of ZDDP on the antiwear (AW) and EP performance of hazelnut oil as a lubricant. The AW/EP tests are carried out following ASTM D4172 and ASTM D2783 standards. The wear mechanism of steel balls is studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The ZDDP is added in 1Wt.%, 2Wt.% and 3Wt.% concentration, and its presence on surfaces is indicated by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). Findings The maximum improvement in the wear properties for hazelnut oil is equal to 43.7% and 45.7% at 1Wt.% and 3Wt. % ZDDP, respectively. Also, the load wear index of hazelnut oil increases from 29 to 73.1 at 3Wt.% ZDDP. The improvement in AW and EP properties is attributed to the protective layer formation by ZDDP. Originality/value The paper is a novel study investigating the effect of ZDDP additive in hazelnut oil. The results could prove beneficial in making the hazelnut oil a viable replacement of mineral oils. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-06-2020-0217/