Antivirulence and wound healing effects of royal jelly and garlic extract for the control of MRSA skin infections

Abstract

Abstract Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become increasingly a major problem and responsible for most of the hospital acquired infections in Egypt. Thus, there is an urgent need for agents with new therapeutic targets particularly those targeting bacterial virulence. MRSA isolates were investigated for biofilm formation, adhesion and invasion assays. Thereafter, the effect of garlic extract and royal jelly on those virulence factors was tested. These two agents were tested in vitro and in vivo using an animal model of MRSA skin infection. The garlic extract caused significant reduction in biofilm formation (60% median reduction) however, it had no significant effect on bacterial adhesion. Royal jelly reduced biofilm formation and bacterial adhesion significantly (≥50% median reduction). Animal study revealed that royal jelly could eradicate MRSA completely and promote wound healing even in the uninfected groups. However, the wound in case of garlic treated groups was dry and no exudates or pus was observed indicating its antiseptic effect. Conclusion The results implied the significant role of royal jelly not only in eradication of MRSA infection, but also in promoting the healing process in the wounds.