Abstract
The rising incidence of viral illnesses like influenza (H1N1), human adenovirus (AdV) 40, and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-II) seriously threatens public health, necessitating the development of potent antiviral medications. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antiviral activity of synthesized copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) against the three mentioned viruses. Characterization of these compounds was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV–Vis spectroscopy techniques. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of viruses were investigated using the crystal violet technique. The main findings reveal that Cu-NPs had significant antiviral activity, especially against HSV-II, with an IC50 value of 20.449 μg/mL. However, this activity may be accompanied by marked cytotoxicity, indicated by a CC50 of 123.492 µg/mL, raising concerns about its safety for therapeutic use and its negative impact on human health. In contrast, TiO2-NPs show a more favorable safety profile, with a CC50 of 264.10 μg/mL, maintaining moderate antiviral activity against H1N1 and HSV-II, albeit with higher IC50 values compared to Cu-NPs. Based on these results, Cu-NPs and TiO2-NPs are both attractive candidates for the creation of new antiviral treatments, and more research into their mechanisms of action and their therapeutic uses is necessary.
Published Version
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