Antiulcerogenic Activity and Toxicity of Bauhinia holophylla Hydroalcoholic Extract.

A L Rozza,A L Dokkedal,W Vilegas,A R M Souza-Brito,R K Takahira,L L Saldanha,C H Pellizzon,F M De-Faria,L G Pieroni,D A S Cesar

doi:10.1155/2015/439506

Abstract

Several species of Bauhinia are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes, and inflammation, among other conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiulcer effect of a hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves of B. holophylla. The chemical profile of the extract was determined by HPLC-PAD-ESI-IT-MS. A dose-effect relation was constructed using the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in male Wistar rats. Histological analyses and studies of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were performed in stomach samples. The involvement of SH compounds, NO, K+ ATP channels, and α 2-adrenergic receptors in the gastroprotective effect was evaluated. A toxicity study was performed with a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg. The extract was composed mainly of cyanoglucoside and flavonol-O-glycosides derivatives of quercetin and myricetin. SH compounds, NO release, K+ ATP channel activation, and presynaptic α 2-adrenergic receptor stimulation each proved to be involved in the antiulcer effect. The levels of GSH and activity of GR and GPx were increased, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were modulated. There was an antidiarrheal effect and there were no signs of toxicity. B. holophylla presents antiulcer activity mainly by decreasing oxidative stress and attenuating the inflammatory response, without inducing side effects.

Highlights

The pathogenesis of gastric ulcer is commonly associated with alterations of physiologic parameters, such as the excessive secretion of gastric acid, disruption of the mucus barrier, formation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and the release of inflammatory mediators, among other factors [1]
The present study aimed to investigate the antiulcerogenic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of B. holophylla leaves and the mechanisms underlying its gastroprotective effect
The chemical fingerprinting of the 70% EtOH leaf extract of B. holophylla by HPLC-PADESI-Ion Trap (IT)-MS revealed the presence of flavonol-O-glycosides derivatives of quercetin and myricetin as main constituents (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

The pathogenesis of gastric ulcer is commonly associated with alterations of physiologic parameters, such as the excessive secretion of gastric acid, disruption of the mucus barrier, formation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and the release of inflammatory mediators, among other factors [1]. Despite the clinical and commercial success of the current treatments for gastric ulcer, there are important clinical needs that remain unmet. In Brazil, several species of Bauhinia are known as “pata de vaca” and have been widely used in the treatment of several conditions, such as infections, pain, diabetes, and gastric ulcer [4]. Several ethnopharmacological studies have been carried out on different species of Bauhinia. The methanolic and chloroformic extracts of Bauhinia thonningii [5] and the chloroformic [6], methanolic [7], and aqueous [8] extracts

Objectives

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Results