Antitumor and antimicrobial effect of syringic acid urea cocrystal: Structural and spectroscopic characterization, DFT calculation and biological evaluation

Abstract

The syringic acid urea (SYRAUA) cocrystal was produced at room temperature using a slow evaporation approach. The SYRAUA formed as orthorhombic crystal with the Cmca space group. It was undertaken to perform structural, spectroscopic (FTIR), and optical research. For SYRAUA, the structural and different spectroscopic parameters were calculated with quantum mechanics utilizing the B3LYP/6–31++G (d, p) approach. The XRD results were related with the optimized geometrical parameters and found there is a close agreement. SYRAUA's FT-IR spectrum was analysed using the data collected in the 4000–400 cm−1 region. There is decent agreement between the calculated and recorded wavenumbers. The 200–600 nm region of the UV–Visible absorption spectrum was noted showed the presence of two absorption peaks. The NBO approach was used to analyse the charge transfer in the cocrystal, and Mulliken charge analysis was used to confirm the identity of the involved atoms. To comprehend the reactive location in SYRAUA, the molecule electrostatic potential and local reactivity descriptors were determined. The non-linear optical characteristics were determined and found that it possesses 70% NLO activity compared with urea. Hirshfeld surface and finger print analysis were used to examine the inter and intramolecular interaction of the SYRAUA. When the SYRAUA was tested for antimicrobial activity, it was discovered to have zone of clearance. Molecular docking outcomes support that SYRAUA may exhibit inhibitory activity against caspase 3,7 and 9. Amongst the three caspases the SYRAUA showed higher docking affinity to caspase 9 with the binding score of -8.4 Kcal/mol. Further the drug likeness of the SYRAUA were assessed through Lipinski's rule and the pharmacokinetic parameters and those predicted values showed good safety profile of SYRAUA cocrystal.