Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the antitumor activity of doxorubicine (DOX) loaded nanoemulsion (NE) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing Swiss albino mice. Methods: The mice were divided into five groups ( n = 20) according to the administered drug. Groups I - V were labeled as negative control (normal), positive control of the untreated EAC bearing mice (EAC control), blank nanoemulsion (BI-NE), DOX-loaded-NE (DOX/LNE) and free DOX (DOX-Sol), respectively. Cardiotoxicity was assessed by measuring changes in body and organ weight, analyzing serum enzymes and lipids, and examining histological changes in heart tissues by light microscopy. In addition, mean survival time (MST), increase in life span (ILS) and survival (S) of the mice were determined. Results: DOX/LNE group reduced levels of serum enzymes and lowered damage to heart tissues relative to DOX-Sol group. The MST of the DOX/LNE group (80 ± 0.0 days) was significantly greater than that for DOX-Sol group (34.6 ± 8.9 days), while ILS of DOX/LNE (265.30 days) was higher than that of DOX-Sol (57.99 days) by 4.6-fold. Conclusion: Administration of DOX/LNE to EAC-bearing mice improves the efficacy of DOX and reduce its side effects on the heart. Keywords: Doxorubicine, Anti-tumor activity, Mean survival time, Heart histology, Nanoemulsion, Lipid profile
Highlights
Cancer is a potential fatal disease, characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells [1]
Studying the effect of the drug formulations on the heart weight relative to the body weight revealed that the mice treated with DOX–Sol, DOX/LNE and BI-NE showed no significant difference from the normal group in heart-to-body weight ratio, whereas Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) control group showed a significant decrease in the heartto-body weight ratio (Figure 1B)
The collected heart tissues were fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin (4 % formaldehyde in phosphate buffered saline)
Summary
Cancer is a potential fatal disease, characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells [1]. Nanoemulsions (NE) are one of the promising nanocarriers for many drugs [4] They are nonequilibrium, heterogeneous systems consisting of two immiscible liquids and mixed surfactants and cosurfactants which facilitate the dispersion of one liquid in the other as droplets with diameters ranging from 1 to 100 nm [5]. Anticancer drugs loaded in NE systems have greater activity against cancer cells in comparison to other emulsification systems. This is due to the decreased particle size and zeta potential, production of a stable water dispersion, reduced polydispersity index, and greater stability of drug with the NE [6]
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