Abstract
The objectives of this study were to isolate various isoflavone fractions andextracts from soybean cake by preparative column chromatography and compare themwith isoflavone standards with regards to inhibition of HepG2 cancer cell proliferation.Four fractions, including malonylglucoside, glucoside, acetylglucoside and aglycone, andtwo isoflavone extracts, ISO-1 and ISO-2, were collected for evaluation. MTT test resultsshowed that most treatments were slightly protective against HepG2 cell growth at a lowdose of isoflavone (5 and 10 μg/mL). However, at elevated concentration of isoflavone(20-50 μg/mL), both aglycone and acetylglucoside fractions as well as a mixture ofisoflavone standards were the most effective in inhibition, demonstrating a possiblesynergistic phenomenon. Genistein showed a better retardation effect than daidzein. Forcell cycle analysis, both aglycone and acetylglucoside fractions and a mixture ofisoflavone standards exhibited a high G2/M ratio, correlating well with the result of MTTtest. The presence of some other functional components in soybean cake like saponinsand phenolic compounds may also play a vital role in inhibiting HepG2 cell growth.
Highlights
According to a report by the American Institute for Cancer Research [1], Western people are more likely to be exposed to cancer risks such as breast, colon and prostate cancers than Oriental people, which may be associated with lifestyle and diet habits
It was observed that breast cancer cell failed to proliferate after genistein treatment because the cell cycle was terminated at G2/M phase, but in a study dealing with inhibition of prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and LNCaP as affected by genistein alone and a mixture of genistein and β-lapachone, Kumi-Diaka [10] revealed that both provided an inhibitory effect and increased cell apoptosis rate following a rise in genistein concentration, but a level of 70 μM was necessary to attain a similar effect
The concentration of isoflavone standards and extracts used in this experiment were based on those reported in the literature and the results of our preliminary studies
Summary
Over the past decade numerous reports have been published regarding cancer inhibition by isoflavones, but most studies have focused on the aglycone isoflavones daidzein and genistein It has been well documented the inhibition efficiency of growth of various types of cancer cells can be dependent upon isoflavone concentration. It was observed that breast cancer cell failed to proliferate after genistein treatment because the cell cycle was terminated at G2/M phase, but in a study dealing with inhibition of prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and LNCaP as affected by genistein alone and a mixture of genistein and β-lapachone, Kumi-Diaka [10] revealed that both provided an inhibitory effect and increased cell apoptosis rate following a rise in genistein concentration, but a level of 70 μM was necessary to attain a similar effect. The objectives of this study were to isolate four fractions of isoflavones, malonylglucoside, acetylglucoside, glucoside and aglycone, as well as two isoflavone extracts from soybean cake by preparative column chromatography and compared with various isoflavone standards in terms of antiproliferation of HepG2 tumor cell and progression of cell cycle
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