Antioxidant Properties of Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.) Extracts and Their Effects on Color Stability and Lipid Oxidation of Raw Pork Patties

Abstract

The ethanol extracts from leaf, roasted cortex, and seed of Du-zhong ( Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.) were examined for total phenolics content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC). The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by measuring the radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity in a beta-carotene/linoleic acid system. Du-zhong leaf extract was found to have the highest TPC content (94.46 +/- 1.17 mg of gallic acid equiv/g of solid extract) and TFC content (61.36 +/- 0.59 mg of catechin equiv/g of solid extract). In the above three antioxidant assay systems, Du-zhong leaf extract also exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacities, followed by roasted cortex extract and seed extract. The effects of Du-zhong extracts (leaf, roasted cortex, and seed) on lipid oxidation, meat color, and metmyoglobin (MetMb) formation in raw pork patties were investigated and compared with that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) during refrigerated storage at 4 degrees C for 8 days. The results indicated that the addition of leaf extract at 0.1% (w/w), roasted cortex extract at 0.1% (w/w), and BHT at 0.01% (w/w) decreased day 8 TBARS values by 35, 20, and 37%, respectively. Du-zhong leaf extract at 0.1% (w/w) also exhibited a certain stabilizing effect on meat redness a* value and retarded the formation of MetMb. This study suggests that Du-zhong leaf extract may be a potential source of natural antioxidants.