Abstract
The fruit, vegetable, legume, and cereal industries generate many wastes, representing an environmental pollution problem. However, these wastes are a rich source of antioxidant molecules such as terpenes, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, and bioactive peptides with potential applications mainly in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and they exhibit multiple biological properties including antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antihypertensive, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. The aforementioned has increased studies on the recovery of antioxidant compounds using green technologies to value plant waste, since they represent more efficient and sustainable processes. In this review, the main antioxidant molecules from plants are briefly described and the advantages and disadvantages of the use of conventional and green extraction technologies used for the recovery and optimization of the yield of antioxidant naturals are detailed; finally, recent studies on biological properties of antioxidant molecules extracted from plant waste are presented here.
Highlights
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [1], globally, agriculture produces 8.65 billion tons of food per year
The use of green extraction techniques to obtain antioxidant molecules from waste has increased in recent years due to the current need for (i) mitigate the negative environmental impact and (ii) optimizing extraction techniques through the application of the RSM to increase the yield of production of bioactive compounds [16]
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is a useful extraction technique due to cavitational effects based on bubble dynamics, which are classified into sonochemical effects (SE) and mechanical effects (ME)
Summary
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [1], globally, agriculture produces 8.65 billion tons of food per year. The main agricultural wastes of peels, pomace, seeds, leaves, resin, and others are produced each year and are commonly disposed of in the environment, causing serious pollution and environmental problems. These wastes represent one of the main sources of low-cost antioxidants molecules, including terpenes, phytosterols, phenolic compounds, and peptides [7,8,9,10]. The attention has been focused on studying the recovery technologies for antioxidant molecules, especially those that are friendly to the environment, known as green extraction technologies or non-conventional technologies such as enzyme-aided extraction, ultrasonic and microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Studies in vivo and in vitro on biological properties of antioxidant molecules and their action mechanisms are reviewed
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