Abstract
This research was performed in order to determine the potential protective effects of ozonized sunflower oil (OSO) in the injury of rat gastric mucosa induced by absolute ethanol and as well as to elucidate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and some important constituents of antioxidant defense such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in these effects. OSO was administered to rats intragastrically by a cannula and it was applied during four days to animals. The doses of OSO administered daily to each group of rats were 4, 12, and 24 mg/kg, respectively, and one hour after the last treatment, absolute ethanol (1 mL/200 mg body weight) was administered. Our results showed that gastric ulcer index was significantly reduced in rats pretreated with OSO as compared with ethanol-treated controls. However, in rats pretreated with OSO, no significant reduction of TBARS content in gastric mucosa was found as compared to those rats treated with ethanol alone. In contrast, SOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly increased in gastric mucosa of OSO-pretreated rats with respect to those treated with ethanol alone. In summary, our results demonstrate that OSO pretreatment exerts protective effects in ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Furthermore, these results provide evidence that these protective effects of OSO are mediated at least partially by stimulation of some important antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GSH-Px, which are scavengers of ROS and therefore prevent gastric injury induced by them.
Highlights
Ozonized sunflower oil (OSO) for oral application is a registered drug that is obtained from the reaction between ozone and sunflower oil under appropriate conditions according to a process developed in our center.OSO has shown antimicrobial effects against virus, bacteria, and fungi [1]
The lipid peroxidation mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important cause of destruction and damage to cell membranes and it is involved in the pathogenesis of acute mucosal injury induced by ethanol, ischemiareperfusion, and indomethacin [4, 5]
Taking into account that lipid oxidation products may exert anti-inflammatory properties [13, 14], the aims of this study were to determine whether the treatment with OSO (4, 12, and 24 mg/kg) might reduce acute gastric ulceration induced by absolute ethanol and if it is so, to determine the potential changes in the activities of certain antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and GSH-Px
Summary
Ozonized sunflower oil (OSO) for oral application is a registered drug that is obtained from the reaction between ozone and sunflower oil under appropriate conditions according to a process developed in our center.OSO has shown antimicrobial effects against virus, bacteria, and fungi [1]. Preclinical toxicological studies with OSO have demonstrated that this drug is safe and not genotoxic [2], whereas in clinical trials Phase II and Phase III have reported very few and no severe adverse reactions in patients. The use of OSO in the treatment of Giardia lamblia infection has been studied in animal models and humans by oral administrations which have demonstrated the therapeutic effectiveness of OSO in this disease [3]. Sulphydryl (SH) containing compounds, and agents that modify SH groups, prevents the acute hemorrhagic erosions caused by ethanol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or stress in animal models [6]. Various antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), an important radical superoxide scavenger, and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), an enzyme involved in the elimination of hydrogen peroxide
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