Abstract
Kidney is very susceptible to damage by toxicological compounds such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). CCl4 produce free radicals, which cause lipid peroxidation and kidney damage and free radical release, which can be prevented by the administration of exogenous antioxidants, such as Chlorella vulgaris.The aim of study was to determine an effect of antioxidant of C. vulgaris on the histopathological features of Wistar rat kidney which is induced by CCl4. Experimental study with completely randomized design. The variable was histopathology features of the kidneys. The doses of C. vulgaris extract were 3 mg, 4 mg, and 5 mg per 100 grams of rat body weight (BW). The administration of C. vulgaris extract was performed within 30 days, while the CCl4 induction (0.25 ml / 100 g BW) was administered orally on the day 9, 12, 16, 19, 23, and 26. Parameters were histopathology features of renal damage, proportion of tubular cell damage, and Bowman's space diameter. The results showed the administration of C. vulgaris extract was able to reduce the impact of damage caused by CCl4 (p<0.05). This was supported by histologic observations, which was showing a decrease of picnotic and vacuolated cells, normal brush border, and decrease of Bowman's space. In conclusion, 5 mg / 100 g BW of C. vulgaris extract can effectively protect the kidney from damage caused by CCl4. The results of this study strongly support further research on immunostimulant content test C. vulgaris and determine the efficient dose for representative animals mammals also in humans.
Highlights
Kidney has an important role in filtering metabolic waste products and toxic compounds on blood
We studied the effect of C. vulgaris extract administration on histopathological features of wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) kidney and its dose that effective in reducing kidney damage in Rattus norvegicus which was induced by CCl4
Materials used in this study were 30 male Rattus norvegicus wistar strain with 2-3 month of age and 100-150 g of weight; C. vulgaris extract with 3 mg, 4 mg, and 5 mg of doses; rats feed, husk, CCl4 solution, physiologic NaCl, olive oil, and a package of chemical reagents for tissue processing
Summary
Kidney has an important role in filtering metabolic waste products and toxic compounds on blood. Free radicals are considered to play a role in the occurrence of some diseases, such as aging (Fitmawati et al, 2017). This compound will be metabolized into trichloromethyl (CCl3-) (Barsha et al, 2017). Trichloromethyl reacts to oxygen molecule and forms trichloromethyl peroxy (CCl3COO-), which is a free radical (Fouw, 2007) This radical causes lipid peroxidation of phospholipids in cellular membrane and kidney cells damage (Antonio et al, 2014)
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