Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris is an algae with high nutrition content. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a hepatotoxic chemical.The aims of this study were to determine the effect of C. vulgaris extract on the physiological response of liver such as MDA, SOD and GPx activity on rat after induced by CCl4 exposure as well as to determine the effective dose of C. vulgaris extract as antioxidant that can neutralize CCl4 exposure. This research was conducted experimentally with Completely Randomized Design that consists of 6 treatment and 5 times repetition. The doses of C. vulgaris extract used were 3, 4, and 5 mg per /100 g of rat’sbody weight (BW).The administration of C. vulgaris extract was performed within 30 days, while the CCl4 (0.25 ml/100 g BW) was administered orally on the day 9, 12, 16, 19, 23, and 26. Parameters measured were levels of MDA, SOD and GPx of rat blood serum.The results showed that the administration of C. vulgaris extract can inhibit lipid peroxidation indicated by decrease in MDA activities and oxidative stress by increasing SOD and GPx activity. In conclusion, 5 mg/100 g BW of C.vulgaris extract is an effective dose to be uses as endogenous antioxidant to protect the liver cell from damage caused by CCl4exposure. The benefit of C. vulgaris as a supplement for antihepatotoxin in humans.
Highlights
Chlorella vulgaris is a type of green algae that grows in fresh water
Astaxanthin is the main carotenoid pigment found in C. vulgaris equipped with two asymmetric carbon located at the 3 and 3 ́ position of the benzenoid rings on either end of the molecule, this molecule has been proposed as super vitamin E due to its natural antioxidant activities (Chonglong et al, 2014)
Oxidative stress is the imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant enzymes resulted in hepatocyte damage and decrease in endogenous antioxidants level, such as Super oxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx)
Summary
Chlorella vulgaris is a type of green algae that grows in fresh water. The whole plant is used to make nutritional supplement and medicine.C. vulgaris) is a good source of protein, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, chlorophyll, vitamins, and minerals (Kim et al, 2009; Baky and Baroty, 2013). Lidiane et al (2018) stated that C. vulgaris can be used as a great source of functional food, nutraceuticals and food supplements. Frietas (2017) reported that C. vulgaris has vitamin B 12, vitamin C, iron mineral, 58% protein and poly unsaturated fatty acids. Carbon tetra chloride included in aliphatic hydrocarbon,which is colorless, volatile, pungent smell like ether, solubility in low water and nonflammable. It is widely used in industry of refrigerant and fuel. The function of SOD is to catalyze the dismutation of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) This reaction is continued by GPx which catalyze H2O2 into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2) (Lobo et al, 2010; Mbata et al, 2018; Goodarzi et al, 2018). Oxidative stress is the imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant enzymes resulted in hepatocyte damage and decrease in endogenous antioxidants level, such as Super oxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx). The aims of this study were to determine the effect of C. vulgaris extract on the physiological response in rats’ liver such as MDA, SOD and GPx activity on rat after induced by CCl4 exposure as well as to determine the effective dose of C. vulgaris extract as antioxidant that can neutralize CCl4 exposure
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