Abstract
The study focused on the production of compounds with antioxidant activity in hairy root and shoot cultures of <em>Salvia officinalis</em> grown in laboratory-scale sprinkle nutrient bioreactors. HPLC analysis showed that production of rosmarinic acid in transformed roots (34.65 ±1.07 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) was higher that in shoot culture (26.24 ±0.48 mg l<sup>-1</sup>). In the latter diterpenoids: carnosic acid (1.74 ±0.02 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) and carnosol (1.34 ±0.01 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) were also found. Biomass accumulation after a growth period in the bioreactor was also studied. An 18-fold increase in hairy root biomass was recorded after 40 days of culture. In sage shoot culture, biomass increased 43 times after 21 days of bioreactor run. The current operating conditions of the bioreactor were not suitable for the propagation of <em>Salvia officinalis</em> mainly due to the hyperhydricity problem of leaves and stems.
Highlights
Salvia officinialis L. is an important and wellknown medicinal plant
We have previously studied the production of these compounds in various sage culture systems at small scale level i.e. in callus and cell suspension, shoots grown in solid and liquid medium as well as in hairy roots in shake flask culture (Grzegorczyk et al 2005; Grzegorczyk et al 2006)
We have shown that organ cultures had a higher potential for the production of antioxidant compounds than undifferentiated cultures of sage (Grzegorczyk et al 2005; Grzegorczyk et al 2006) and the extracts of the cultures have the same or even higher antioxidant activity than extracts from leaves of intact plants of S. officinalis (Grzegorczyk et al 2007)
Summary
Sage (beside rosemary) is among the species of herbs considered to have the strongest antioxidant activities (Cuvelier et al 1994; Miura et al 2002). This is attributed to the presence of abietane diterpenoids (first of all carnosic acid CA and carnosol Car) in the aerial parts and rosmarinic acid (RA) in the leaves and roots of S. officinalis. We have shown that organ cultures (hairy roots for RA and shoots for CA and Car) had a higher potential for the production of antioxidant compounds than undifferentiated cultures of sage (Grzegorczyk et al 2005; Grzegorczyk et al 2006) and the extracts of the cultures have the same or even higher antioxidant activity than extracts from leaves of intact plants of S. officinalis (Grzegorczyk et al 2007). Up to now there have been no reports on the cultivation of sage in bioreactors
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