Abstract
It has been suggested that the accumulation of biomolecular damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to aging. The antioxidant activity is related to the ability of certain compounds to protect against the potentially harmful effect of processes or reactions involving ROS. This ability is associated with the termination of free radical propagation in biological systems. From Heterotheca inuloides various compounds which have shown to possess antioxidant capacity and scavenging ROS. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant capacity of additional natural components isolated from H. inuloides and some semisynthetic derivatives, their anti-inflammatory activity and the effect on Caenorhabditis elegans nematode life span. Compounds showed ability to inhibit various biological processes such as lipid peroxidation, scavenge nonbiological important oxidants such as 1O2, OH∙, H2O2, and HOCl and scavenge non biological stable free radicals (DPPH). Some cadinane type compounds showed possess antioxidant, ROS scavenging capacity, anti-inflammatory activity, and effect on the C. elegans life span. Flavonoid type compounds increased the life of the nematode and quercetin was identified as the compound with the greatest activity. The modification of chemical structure led to a change in the antioxidant capacity, the anti-inflammatory activity, and the survival of the worm.
Highlights
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exist as products of normal cellular physiology and play vital roles in the stimulation of signaling pathways in plant and animal cells [1]
Our results showed that only compounds 2, 6, and 9 displayed the ability to reduce DPPH radical with a inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 30.66 ± 8.14 μM, 13.11 ± 1.2 μM, and 6.97 ± 0.14 μM
The above observations may be explained because the DPPH radical has a long life, and no resemblance to the highly reactive peroxyl radicals involved in lipid peroxidation, and some antioxidants that react quickly with peroxyl radicals react slowly or are inert to DPPH [38]
Summary
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exist as products of normal cellular physiology and play vital roles in the stimulation of signaling pathways in plant and animal cells [1]. When the level of ROS exceeds away cellular factors responsible for protecting cellular biomolecules against damage generated by oxidizing species is said to be in a state of “oxidative stress.”. Under these conditions ROS can damage biomolecules like nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and enzymes. This condition has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of multiple pathologies such as senescence [3], ischemia/reperfusion injury [4], neurodegenerative diseases [5], infectious processes [6], rheumatoid arthritis [7], arterial diseases [8], obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease [9], and other ailments
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