Antioxidant Barrier and Oxidative Damage to Proteins, Lipids, and DNA/RNA in Adrenal Tumor Patients.

Barbara Choromańska,Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska,Anna Gibała,Mateusz Maciejczyk,Anna Starzyńska,Magdalena Łuba,Katarzyna Choromańska,Piotr Myśliwiec,Jacek Dadan,Piotr Wojskowicz,Tomasz Kozłowski,Hanna Myśliwiec,Anna Zalewska,Jos L Quiles

doi:10.1155/2021/5543531

Barbara Choromańska, Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska + Show 12 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5543531

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Abstract

This study is the first to assess redox balance, glutathione metabolism, and oxidative damage to RNA/DNA, proteins, and lipids in the plasma/serum and urine of patients with adrenal masses. The study included 70 patients with adrenal tumors divided into three subgroups: incidentaloma (n = 30), pheochromocytoma (n = 20), and Cushing's/Conn's adenoma (n = 20), as well as 60 healthy controls. Blood and urine samples were collected before elective endoscopic adrenalectomy. Antioxidant defense capacity was significantly decreased (serum/plasma: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH), uric acid (UA); urine: SOD, GSH, UA) in patients with adrenal masses. The oxidative damage to proteins (advanced glycation end products (AGE), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)) and lipids (lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) was higher in the plasma and urine of these patients. Plasma MDA and DNA/RNA oxidation products, with high sensitivity and specificity, can help to diagnose pheochromocytoma. This biomarker differentiates patients with pheochromocytoma from Cushing's/Conn's adenoma as well as from heathy controls. Plasma RNA/DNA oxidation was also positively correlated with urine metanephrine. Oxidative stress can play a crucial role in adrenal tumors. However, further studies are required to clarify the role of redox signaling in adrenal masses.

Highlights

Adrenal masses are the most common of all tumors in humans [1, 2]
The activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly decreased in all studied groups: incidentaloma (-43%, p < 0:0001), pheochromocytoma (-47%, p < 0:0001), and Cushing’s/Conn’s adenoma (-37%, p < 0:0001) as compared to the healthy controls (Figure 1(a)). urine SOD activity was markedly lower in pheochromocytoma (-62%, p = 0:0052) and Cushing’s/Conn’s adenoma (-63%, p < 0:0001) groups than the controls
Incidentaloma urine SOD activity was higher than pheochromocytoma (+193%, p = 0:0002) and Cushing’s/Conn’s adenoma (+197%, p < 0:0001) groups (Figure 1(b))

Summary

Introduction

Adrenal masses are the most common of all tumors in humans [1, 2]. Most adrenal tumors are benign adenomas found incidentally in imaging studies of the abdominal cavity and commonly defined as adrenal incidentalomas [3, 4]. Most adrenal gland lesions are benign adrenal cortex tumors and do not secrete hormones, a significant proportion may be hormonally active, and their clinical manifestation depends on the type of hormones secreted by the tumor. They can secret glucocorticosteroids (cortisol), leading to Cushing’s syndrome and mineralocorticosteroids (aldosterone) and Conn’s syndrome [2, 5]. It was found that the size of the tumor is related to the risk of malignancy. Known risk factors for adrenal tumor comprise smoking in men and oral hormonal contraceptives in women. The likelihood of adrenal tumors increases among people with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension [8]

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