Abstract
Bamboo leaves of Phyllostachys nigra (PN), Lophatherum gracile (LG), and Pleioblastus amarus (PA) are three common herbs in China. In this work, a new high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of seven compounds in bamboo leaves has been developed; and PN, LG, and PA leaves were analyzed. PN showed four times as much chlorogenic acid (CA) than the other two, and contained the most isoorientin (iso-ORI) and isovitexin (iso-VIT) as well. The PA presented the most orientin (ORI) and LG covered a majority of cynaroside (CYN). We measured the antioxidant activity by scavenging the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-pyridinohydrazinyl (DPPH) free radicals, and found that Luteolin (inhibitory concentration (IC)50 = 0.42 µM, LUT) and CYN (IC50 = 0.43 µM) showed 2–3 times higher antioxidant activity than iso-ORI (IC50 = 0.81 µM), ORI (IC50 = 0.84 µM), and other related antioxidant standards such as trolox (IC50 = 0.97 µM) and ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.93 µM, VC). Among extracts, PN and PA showed considerable antioxidant activity, which was related well with the contents of CA, iso-ORI, and iso-VIT (p < 0.05). This study firstly provides evidence for functional antioxidant compounds of bamboo leaves based on statistical analysis of the HPLC analysis and DPPH assay, and it lays a foundation for its further development or utilization.
Highlights
China, the world’s leading bamboo producing country, is rich in bamboo resources and has more than 500 genus of more than 500 species of bamboo [1]
This study firstly provides evidence for functional antioxidant compounds of bamboo leaves based on statistical analysis of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and
Polysaccharides, and phenolic acids might be the major active constituents [30,31]
Summary
The world’s leading bamboo producing country, is rich in bamboo resources and has more than 500 genus of more than 500 species of bamboo [1]. The LG are the only medicinal bamboo contained in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the “Pharmacopoeia”). It was first recorded in “Materia Medica of Southern Yunnan” in the Ming Dynasty. “Compendium of Materia Medica” for the first time, described in detail the morphological characteristics of LG, “Pharmacopoeia” was included in 1963 [4,5]. It has the functions of clearing heat and purging fire, removing annoyance and quenching thirst, as well as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, diuretic, and other functions. It is used to Molecules 2020, 25, 409; doi:10.3390/molecules25020409 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
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