Abstract
Three different fractional (methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) extracts from yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb ex Tanaka), hallabong [(C. unshiu Marcov × C. sinensis Osbeck) × C. reticulata Blanco] and orange (C. sinensis) were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and antiplatelet effects. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods were used for the antioxidant activity tests. Total flavonoids and total phenolics were also evaluated spectrophotometrically. The ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest total flavonoid and total phenolic content and exhibited the highest antioxidant activities (185.2 ± 14.5 and 208.7 ± 17.5 mg/g dry extract for FRAP and CUPRAC values, respectively). The total phenolic and total flavonoid content ranged from 58.2 ± 1.4 to 102.4 ± 8.6 and 19.6 ± 0.5 to 64.3 ± 0.8 mg/g dry extract, respectively. The results of DPPH assay showed that ethyl acetate fractions had the least IC50 values (0.12 ± 0.002, 0.04 ± 0.0006, in mg/mL for orange and hallabong samples, respectively) followed by the hexane fraction (0.19 ± 0.007 mg/mL) of the orange sample. For all fractions, the antioxidant activity and contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids correlated well with each other. In vitro investigation of the antiplatelet effect showed that ethyl acetate fraction has the highest inhibition (84.3 ± 5.8 to 96.1 ± 1.8 %). Hexane and MeOH fractions of hallabong and orange samples inhibited platelet aggregations by less than or equal to 41 %.
Highlights
Because of the unhealthy lifestyle and aged population, mortality associated with cancer and cardiovascular diseases has increased (Fuentes et al 2013a)
Three different fractional extracts from yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb ex Tanaka), hallabong [(C. unshiu Marcov 9 C. sinensis Osbeck) 9 C. reticulata Blanco] and orange (C. sinensis) were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and antiplatelet effects. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods were used for the antioxidant activity tests
ethyl acetate (EA) fractions showed the strongest antioxidant activity and higher phenolic and flavonoid content followed by the hexane fraction
Summary
Because of the unhealthy lifestyle and aged population, mortality associated with cancer and cardiovascular diseases has increased (Fuentes et al 2013a). It is believed that citrus fruits have several beneficial health effects, it is not clear whether the individual bioactive components or the group of compounds having relatively similar characteristics plays the most significant role in antioxidant and antiplatelet activities. The quantity and types of bioactive compounds and their biological activity markedly differ between fruit varieties, parts, cultivars within the same species or within the same cultivar grown in diverse climatic conditions and cultivation practice (Cano et al 2008; Goulas and Manganaris 2012; Jayaprakasha and Patil 2007; Vasco et al 2008; Yoo et al 2004). This study aimed at the evaluation of the antioxidant and collagen-induced antiplatelet activities in different fractional extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) from three citrus varieties, which are commonly consumed in Korea
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