Antioxidant and antimitotic activities of sulfated polysaccharide from marine brown algae Padina tetrastromatica

Geena Mariya Jose,G Muraleedhara Kurup,Anitha Radhakrishnan

doi:10.19071/jp.2015.v7.2921

Abstract

Antioxidants play a central role in the prevention of carcinogenesis. The most natural compounds exhibit their protective effects by eliciting antioxidant potential. Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from the brown algae Padina tetrastromatica, then purified and evaluated for its composition and in vitro antioxidant and antimitotic activities. Both ethanolic sulfated polysaccharide (ESPS) and ethanolic sulfated polysaccharide-column purified (ESPS-CP) exhibited considerable amount of carbohydrates (11.2% and 17.6%), sulfate (11.4% and 7.4%), fucose (5.5% and 15.7%), uronic acid (4.7% and 11.8%), xylose (0.5% and 0.03%) and sulfated polysaccharide (2.4% and 12.7%) content. The FTIR analysis and phytochemical screening also confirmed the presence of sulfated polysaccharides. In the in vitro antioxidant activity determination using DPPH (1-1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity and reducing power, ESPS showed more activity than ESPS-CP. In the case of nitric oxide radical scavenging, ESPS-CP was found to be more effective. At a concentration of 2mg/ml, both samples were potent antioxidants with significant IC50 values. The antimitotic studies such as mitotic index in onion root tips and sprouting assay in green gram seeds also proved that both the extracts are able to prevent mitosis. The extrapolation of these results can find opportunities in therapeutic regiments of cancer.

Highlights

The exploitation of natural products for developing novel drugs has been highly appreciated
The ethanolic sulfated polysaccharide (ESPS) obtained by ethanol precipitation was designated as ESPS and its of ample amounts of -OH functional groups on both the extracts.This may be due to the presence of primary -NH2 groups
The intensities of most of the peaks were found to be reduced in ESPS on comparing with ethanolic sulfated polysaccharide-column purified (ESPS-CP), which may be due to the removal of phytochemicals, by purification.The feeble peak around 700/cm indicates the presence of thioester groups

Summary

Introduction

The exploitation of natural products for developing novel drugs has been highly appreciated. These biochemical face certain obstacles in bioavailability and isolation, they can overcome most of the difficulties evoked by synthetic drugs and therapeutics (da Rocha et al, 2001). The prosperous and diverse marine vegetation consists of many bioactive compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and pigments that form the basis of novel medicinal products (Senthilkumar et al, 2013). Among the seaweed-born macromolecules, the sulfated polysaccharides (SPS) from marine macroalgae are reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anticancer, antiviral, and anticoagulant activities despite their structural and nutritional roles (Ngo and Kim, 2013). The dependence of sulfate content on the bioactivity of SPS has been well-established (Li et al, 2008)

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Conclusion