Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potencies of Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale and Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) W. Mann. Lichens from Black Sea Region in Turkey

Abstract

Antibacterial properties of Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) W. Mann and Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale lichens were investigated by disc diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) methods. Antioxidant capacity of the lichens were examined by utilizing 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2’Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzenotiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, total antioxidant capacity, determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. Extracts were showed antibacterial effect against all bacteria except for Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. When compared antibacterial efficiency of the tested lichens, it is concluded that X. conspersa lichen is more active than D. miniatum lichen. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extracts are increased in the following order: ethanol extract of X. conspersa > acetone extract of D. miniatum > ethanol extract of D. miniatum > acetone extract of X. conspersa. Studied lichen extracts showed relatively weak metal chelating activity. According to the obtained results, it is concluded that D. miniatum and X. conspersa lichen extracts can be alternative antibacterial and antioxidant agents.