Abstract
The chondrocyte death may contribute in progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Solanum xanthocarpum (Family: Solanaceae) fruits were known for antioxidant activity. This study demonstrates that the phytochemically validated Solanum xanthocarpum fruits (SXF) extract has inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) induced cell death and ROS formation in primary cultured chondrocytes. Chondrocyte death was induced by 1.5 mM of Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP). The Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and nuclear changes were observed by DAPI and Hoechst-PI. Antioxidant activity of SXF was demonstrated in H 2 O 2 induced ROS generation in chondrocytes. Indomethacin (IM) (25μM), a NSAID was taken as positive control. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, anthraquinone glycosides, steroids, alkaloids, terpenoids and tannins. SXF significantly reduces the cell death induced by SNP in a dose dependent manner. The fluorescent photomicrograph of DAPI, Hoechst-PI and ROS also revealed the decreased rate of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. This study suggests that SXF shows anti-apoptotic and antioxidant activity in chondrocytes
Highlights
Osteoarthritis is associated with the breakdown and ultimate loss of articular cartilage of joints[1] and is commonly occurs among the elderly population in the world[2]
A functional change in chondrocytes of articular cartilage is related to the progression of OA4
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), sodium pyruvate, Non-Essential Amino Acids (NEAA), sodium bicarbonate, L-glutamine, antibiotic solution, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) dye, were all purchased from Himedia Laboratories Pvt
Summary
Osteoarthritis is associated with the breakdown and ultimate loss of articular cartilage of joints[1] and is commonly occurs among the elderly population in the world[2]. Several etiological risk factors like age, gender, trauma, overuse, genetics and obesity are associated with pathophysiologic processes that contribute disease progression[3]. In the pathological condition the cells of articular joints are subjected to complex environmental control. In addition to various cytokines, growth factors, and mechanical stimuli, reactive oxygen specie (ROS) contributes in pathological condition. A functional change in chondrocytes of articular cartilage is related to the progression of OA4. Nitric Oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2−) are the main ROS produced by chondrocytes[5].
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