Abstract
Aging is a natural process in humans as accumulation of oxygen-derived free radicals which leads to the activation of hyaluronidase, collagenase and elastase, that can further contribute to cellular and tissue damage. Bioactive compounds from plants have been used as antioxidant that might inhibit aging processes as well. This study aimed to determine antioxidant and anti aging properties of <em>Oryza sativa</em> Extract (OSE), and its compounds, vanillin and coumaric acid. The phytochemical analysis of OSE was performed with Farnsworth modified method. Antioxidant activities were performed by measurement of 2,2-diphenyl 1-pichylhydazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenger, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) reducing activity, while anti aging assay were observed through inhibitory of elastase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase activities. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of terpenoids and saponins in high level. OSE showed lowest DPPH activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 314.51 μg/mL) compared to vanillin (IC<sub>50</sub> = 283 μg/mL) and coumaric acid (IC<sub>50</sub> = 255.69 μg/mL). In ABTS assay, OSE resulted lowest activity(IC<sub>50</sub> = 145.67 μg/mL), compared to vanillin (IC<sub>50</sub> = 4.96 μg/mL) and coumaric acid (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.67 μg/mL). OSE also showed the lowest FRAP-reducing activity (21.26 μM Fe(II)/μg), compared to vanillin (35.05 μM Fe(II)/μg) and coumaric acid (48.52μM Fe(II)/μg). OSE showed the lowest collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 816.78,107.51, and 203.13 μg/mL), compared to vanillin (IC<sub>50</sub> = 16.27, 14.46, 45.23 μg/mL respectively) and coumaric acid (IC<sub>50</sub> = 146.89, 25.38, 8.21 μg/mL respectively). In summary, OSE possess the lowest antioxidant and anti aging activities compared to vanillin and coumaric acid.
Highlights
Oryza sativa L. is one of the most produced and consumed cereals in the world that contain phenolic compounds, tocopherols, The phytochemical assay was conducted on O. sativa Extracts (OSE) using modified Farnsworth method to qualitatively identify presence of phenols, steroid/ triterpenoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids as listed below[23,24,25]
At the highest concentration (400 μg/mL), OSE has the highest DPPH scavenging activity compared to vanillin and coumaric acid (59.62 ± 5.81%, 23.86 ± 0.57%, and 17.39 ± 0.16%, respectively) (Figure 2)
Coumaric acid has the lowest IC50 value (8.22 μg/mL) compared to OSE (203.13μg/mL) and vanillin (45.23μg/mL) (Table 6). These results show OSE has low hyaluronidase inhibitory activity compared to vanillin and coumaric acid
Summary
The plants of O. sativa were collected from the plantation in Ciherang, Subang, West Java. The plants were identified by herbarium staff, Department of Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The grain of O. sativa (600 g) were mashed, extracted using distilled ethanol 70% (2,750 mL) by a maceration method. Every 24 h the ethanol was filtered and the wastes were re-macerated in triplicate. The ethanol filtrate collected was condensed using 50°C rota vapor to obtain OSE. The extract in pasta form (5.64 g) was stored at -20 °C, and used for further assay[22]. Standards compounds used in this study were vanillin with 99% purity [Sigma V1104, USA] and coumaric acid (CA) with 98% purity [Biopurify Phytochemical 14111707, China]
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