Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Profile, and Nephroprotective Potential of Anastatica hierochuntica Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts against CCl4-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats.

Hassan Barakat,Tariq I Almundarij,Yousef M Alharbi,Hassan A Abdel-Rahman

doi:10.3390/nu13092973

Hassan Barakat, Tariq I Almundarij + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13092973

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Abstract

Kaff-e-Maryam (Anastatica hierochuntica L.) is extensively used to treat a range of health problems, most notably to ease childbirth and alleviate reproductive system-related disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of A. hierochuntica ethanolic (KEE), and aqueous (KAE) extracts on CCl4-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats using the biochemical markers for renal functions and antioxidant status as well as histopathological examinations of kidney tissue. A. hierochuntica contained 67.49 mg GAE g−1 of total phenolic compounds (TPC), 3.51 µg g−1 of total carotenoids (TC), and 49.78 and 17.45 mg QE g−1 of total flavonoids (TF) and total flavonols (TFL), respectively. It resulted in 128.71 µmol of TE g−1 of DPPH-RSA and 141.92 µmol of TE g−1 of ABTS-RSA. A. hierochuntica presented superior antioxidant activity by inhibiting linoleic acid radicals and chelating oxidation metals. The HPLC analysis resulted in 9 and 21 phenolic acids and 6 and 2 flavonoids in KEE and KAE with a predominance of sinapic and syringic acids, respectively. Intramuscular injection of vit. E + Se and oral administration of KEE, KAE, and KEE + KAE at 250 mg kg−1 body weight significantly restored serum creatinine, urea, K, total protein, and albumin levels. Additionally, they reduced malondialdehyde (MOD), restored reduced-glutathione (GSH), and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. KEE, KAE, and KEE + KAE protected the kidneys from CCl4-nephrotoxicity as they mainly attenuated induced oxidative stress. Total nephroprotection was about 83.27%, 97.62%, and 78.85% for KEE, KAE, and KEE + KAE, respectively. Both vit. E + Se and A. hierochuntica extracts attenuated the histopathological alteration in CCl4-treated rats. In conclusion, A. hierochuntica, especially KAE, has the potential capability to restore oxidative stability and improve kidney function after CCl4 acute kidney injury better than KEE. Therefore, A. hierochuntica has the potential to be a useful therapeutic agent in the treatment of drug-induced nephrotoxicity.

Highlights

200 g of dried A. hierochuntica were extracted with 300 mL 70% ethanol in a Soxhlet extractor to prepare ethanolic extraction (KEE)
Results indicated 128.71 μmol of Trolox equivalents (TE) g−1 and 141.92 μmol of TE g−1 for DPPH-RSA and ABTS-RSA, respectively
The current study looked at the effect of A. hierochuntica extracts on CCl4 -induced kidney damage, as well as its nephroprotection and antioxidant potential in rats

Summary

Introduction

CCl4 was used for metal degreasing, dry cleaning, fabric spotting, fire extinguisher fluids, and grain fumigation [4]. It causes severe disorders in the liver, lungs, and testes as well as in blood by generating active free radicals [5]. Free radical-induced lipid peroxidation is believed to be one of the primary causes of cell membrane damage, leading to a variety of pathological conditions [7]. The generation of reactive radicals has been implicated in CCl4 -induced nephrotoxicity, which is involved in lipid peroxidation and accumulation of dysfunctional proteins, leading to injuries in kidneys [8]. Traditional uses of medicinal plants have grown in recent years, and numerous investigations have confirmed their therapeutic role against several illnesses [9,10,11,12]

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