Abstract
Leaves of jambu air (Syzygium samarangense L.) has been used by local residents as medicine for various diseases caused by free radical agents in human’s body. This study aims to find a new source of antioxidants from medicinal plants and their endophytic fungi Syzygium samarangense leaves was fractionated by maceration method using gradient solvent i.e. n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antioxidant activity of the leaf fractions was determined using 1,1diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method. The chemical compound was isolated from active fraction by chromatographic techniques and their chemical structure was identified using spectroscopy techniques. The endophytic fungi was isolated from S. samarangense leaves and continued to cultivation in potato-dextrose broth (PDB) medium for four weeks. The medium was extracted using ethyl acetate and determined its antioxidant activity. Fungi’s isolate with highest activity was analyzed to identify its molecular. Ethyl acetate fraction of S. samarangense leaves showed highest antioxidant activity. Spectroscopy analysis result concluded the isolated compound is 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl flavanone. Four endophytic fungi had been isolated form S. samarangense leaves. Antioxidant activity test showed that ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi BJA-1 has the highest value. Molecular identification of BJA-1 shows high homology with Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis strain CBS 129753.
Highlights
Free radical is a highly reactive species that can interfere with cell integrity, react with the cell’s structural component such as biological macromolecule for membrane building, and react with a functional components such as enzymes and DNA
All three fraction were tested for antioxidant activity, and results are shown in following Table 1
Further studies are needed to isolate the secondary metabolites of antioxidants found in the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves of S. samarangense
Summary
Free radical is a highly reactive species that can interfere with cell integrity, react with the cell’s structural component such as biological macromolecule for membrane building, and react with a functional components such as enzymes and DNA. In human's body, free radical triggers various degenerative disease including cancer, atherosclerosis, hypertension, rheumatoid, arthritis, diabetes, decrease of immunodeficiency system, and accelerates the aging process. Protection of the human body against free radical generally required a particular substance, namely antioxidant (Mary, George, Mathew, & Varghese, 2017; Yadav, Yadav, & Yadav, 2014). Syzygium samarangense L. known as jambu air, is one of Myrtaceae’s family (Mary et al, 2017). Leaves, flowers, and fruits have been used traditionally to cure bronchitis, diabetes, cracked tongue, itchy, asthma, reduce swelling, infection of pathogenic bacteria, digest dysfunction, and kidney disease. Study confirms that extract of these plants shows antioxidant activity, antihyperglycemic cytotoxic, antibacterial, spasmolytic, and immunomodulatory. The S. samarangense leaves contain three C-methylated chalcone, flavonoid, gallic acid, triterpenoids, and volatile terpenoids (Edema & Alaga, 2012; Khandaker, Alebidi, Hossain, Mat, & Boyce, 2015; Khandaker & Boyce, 2016; Insanu, Rmadhania, Halim, Hartati, & Wirasutisna, 2018)
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