Abstract
The Patagonian currant Ribes magellanicum is highly valued due to its pleasant flavor and sweet taste. The aim of this study was to characterize its constituents and to assess their antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. For the fruit phenolic‐enriched extract (PEE), total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), and antioxidant activity (DPPH, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC)) were determined. Argentinean samples presented better activity in the DPPH and FRAP assays. Best cytoprotection against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in AGS cells was found in one Argentinean sample at 500 μg mL−1 (65.7%). HPLC MS/MS analysis allowed the tentative identification of 59 constituents, including eight anthocyanins, 11 conjugates of caffeic‐, ferulic‐, and coumaric acid, and 38 flavonoids, most of them quercetin and kaempferol derivatives. Argentinean samples showed a more complex pattern of anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA), and flavonoids. Cyanidin rhamnoside hexoside and cyanidin hexoside were the main anthocyanins, accounting for 35 and 55% for the Argentinean and 60 and 27% for the ripe Chilean fruits. HCA content was about three times higher in Argentinean samples. The phenolic profiles of Chilean and Argentinean Ribes magellanicum show remarkable differences in chemical composition with higher HCA and flavonoid content in Argentinean samples.
Highlights
High intake of fruits and vegetables is inversely related to the incidence of several pathologies, including obesity (González-Castejón and Rodriguez-Casado 2011), age- related neurodegenerative diseases (Shukitt-H ale et al 2008), cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain types of cancer (Boeing et al 2012)
The total phenolics (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) values were higher for ripe Argentinean fruits (320.0 g GAE kg−1 and 164.0 g CatE kg−1 compared with 117.0 g GAE kg−1 and 48.6 g CatE kg−1 for the ripe Chilean sample, respectively) (Table 1)
In the Argentinean collection of Arroyo Casa de Piedra, DPPH, FRAP, and TEAC values were of 6.2 mg L−1, 4006.3 mmol TE kg−1 phenolic-enriched extract (PEE), and 2856.9 μmol L−1 TE g−1 PEE, respectively
Summary
High intake of fruits and vegetables is inversely related to the incidence of several pathologies, including obesity (González-Castejón and Rodriguez-Casado 2011), age- related neurodegenerative diseases (Shukitt-H ale et al 2008), cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain types of cancer (Boeing et al 2012). These health benefits have been attributed to the presence of polyphenols, especially flavonols, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acids (Liu 2003). Nutraceuticals are generally defined as products that promote health in addition to their nutritional value For this reason, it is relevant to identify, characterize and quantify the phytochemicals contained in these plants
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