Abstract
The Lamiaceae family, one of the most important herbaceous and shrub plant families, includes a wide variety of plants with biological and medicinal uses. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of phenolic compounds content and biological activity of extracts from eight species of Lamiaceae plants, cultivated in a temperate climate, and to study the effect of the foliar salicylic acid application on these parameters.Lamiaceae plants (Lavandula angustifolia, Salvia officinalis, Hyssopus officinalis, Agastache foeniculum, Thymus serpyllum, Mentha × piperita, Origanum vulgare, Monarda didyma) cultivated on field experimental sites. Plants were sprayed with salicylic acid at a concentration of 1 mM. The untreated with salicylic acid plants were used as control.The highest contents of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids in control plants were observed in the Agastache foeniculum (6.4 ± 0.6 mg g-1 and 6.5 ± 0.4 mg g-1 respectively). The highest content of phenolic compounds was found in Monarda didyma (13.8 ± 0.7 mg g-1). Among the control plants, Agastache foeniculum, Hyssopus officinalis, and Mentha × piperita were characterized by the highest antioxidant activity. All the studied extracts had the ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Significant positive correlations were revealed between the antioxidant activity and the contents of hydroxycinnamic acids, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. A high degree of correlation was found between the α-amylase inhibitory activity and the content of hydroxycinnamic acids (r = 0.72, p ≤ 0.05), as well as between the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and the content of flavonoids (r = 0.83, p ≤ 0.05) and hydroxycinnamic acids (r = 0.81, p ≤ 0.05). The foliar treatment with salicylic acid led to an increase in the contents of hydroxycinnamic acids (in 6 species), flavonoids (in 2 species), total phenolic compounds (in 7 species), antioxidant activity (in 5 species), as well as in α-amylase (in 4 species) and α-glucosidase (in 5 species) inhibitory activity compared to the control plants. Lavandula angustifolia was the most susceptible to foliar treatment with salicylic acid. In this plant species, a significant increase in all studied biochemical parameters was noted.The results obtained on the stimulating effects of salicylic acid can be used to increase the nutritional and pharmacological value of plants of the Lamiaceae family cultivated in temperate climates.
Highlights
The Lamiaceae family, one of the most important herbaceous and shrub plant families, includes a wide variety of plants with biological and medicinal uses [1]
2.1 Plant material and design of experiment Plants of the Lamiaceae Martinov family used as research objects: lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.), anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze), thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.), peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and Scarlet beebalm (Monarda didyma L.) all cultivated on field experimental sites located on the northern part of the Vistula Spit, Baltiysk District, Kaliningrad Region, Russia
Hydroxycinnamic acids are an important component of the phytochemical profile of the Lamiaceae plants
Summary
The Lamiaceae family, one of the most important herbaceous and shrub plant families, includes a wide variety of plants with biological and medicinal uses [1]. Among the secondary metabolites of the plants of the Lamiaceae family which possess a wide spectrum of biological activity, the phytochemicals which are part of the essential oils isolated from these plants are of particular importance Such components include: monoterpenes, namely α- and β-pinene; 1,8-cineole; menthol; thymol; carvacrol; limonene; γ-tetrinene and sesquiterpenes (germacrene D, caryophyllene, spatulenol) [1]. The foliar treatment with salicylic acid led to an increase in the contents of hydroxycinnamic acids (in 6 species), flavonoids (in 2 species), total phenolic compounds (in 7 species), antioxidant activity (in 5 species), as well as in αamylase (in 4 species) and α-glucosidase (in 5 species) inhibitory activity compared to the control plants. Conclusions: The results obtained on the stimulating effects of salicylic acid can be used to increase the nutritional and pharmacological value of plants of the Lamiaceae family cultivated in temperate climates
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