Abstract
BackgroundAnnona vepretorum Mart. (Annonaceae) is a native tree from Caatinga (Brazilian Northeastern savanna biome), popularly known as “araticum” and “pinha da Caatinga”. In this study, we investigated the effects of the crude ethanolic extract (Av-EtOH) in models of pain and inflammation in rodents.MethodsThe evaluation of antinociceptive activity was carried out by the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, hot plate and tail flick tests, while paw edema induced by carrageenan or histamine, and leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity were used for anti-inflammatory profile. Histological analyses also were carried out.ResultsAv-EtOH (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o) significantly reduced the number of writhing (P < 0.01) and decreased (P < 0.01) the paw licking time in both phases of the formalin test. In the hot plate and tail flick tests, this extract increased the reaction time, consequently reduced painful behavior. The effects in the formalin and hot plate tests were antagonized by naloxone. Av-EtOH inhibited significantly (P < 0.01) the increase in the edema volume after administration of carrageenan and histamine. In the peritonitis test, acute pre-treatment with Av-EtOH inhibited leukocyte migration. Histological analysis showed less inflammation in the groups treated with the extract when the inflammation was induced by carrageenan or histamine.ConclusionThus, Av-EtOH has significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, which are related probably with the activation of opioid receptors and inhibition of release of mediators of the inflammatory process. This specie is a potential target for drug discovery.
Highlights
Annona vepretorum Mart. (Annonaceae) is a native tree from Caatinga (Brazilian Northeastern savanna biome), popularly known as “araticum” and “pinha da Caatinga”
Acetic acid-induced writhing in mice The results shown in Fig. 1. demonstrated that the pretreatment with Av-EtOH (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.)
Formalin test The treatment with Av-EtOH at doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg (p.o.) produced a significant antinociceptive activity compared to the control group in both the early and late phases (P < 0.05) (Fig. 2)
Summary
Annona vepretorum Mart. (Annonaceae) is a native tree from Caatinga (Brazilian Northeastern savanna biome), popularly known as “araticum” and “pinha da Caatinga”. Many medicinal plants species from Caatinga are widely known and used in folk medicine and for commercial manufacturing of phytotherapeutic products. Few ethnobotanical and pharmacological studies have been undertaken in this region, in spite of the great cultural and biological diversity to be found there [2]. In. Plants of the Annonaceae family can be found in tropical and subtropical regions [4]. Plants of the Annonaceae family can be found in tropical and subtropical regions [4] It is the largest family of the Magnoliales order, having about 2300–2500 species and over 130 genera [5]. Many species of Annonaceae are usually consumed as fresh fruits, they are widely used in folk medicine as antiparasitic, antitumoral and for treatment of intestinal diseases [6, 7]. Several reports have characterized the pharmacological activity of these plants because of their bioactive compounds
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