Abstract
The ethanol extract from Vernonia polyanthes leaves (EEVP) was investigated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects at the doses (p.o.) of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg in animal models. The extract reduced the number of abdominal contortions by 16.75% and 31.44% at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The results obtained showed that EEVP exerted a significant antinociceptive effect in the two phases of formalin. The EEVP increased the reaction time on a hot plate at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg after 90 min of treatment. The paw edema was reduced by EEVP at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg after 4 h of application of carrageenan. Doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, administered 4 h before the carrageenan injection, significantly reduced the exudate volume (29.25 and 45.74%, respectively) and leukocyte migration (18.19 and 27.95%, respectively). These results suggest that V. polyanthes can be an active source of substances with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.
Highlights
Inflammation is a reaction of the body against an aggressive agent, characterized by vasodilatation and access of fluid and cells to the target tissue [1]
The usual treatment of inflammatory pain is done by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but the adverse effects described as irritation of gastric mucosa and ulcer, water retention and nephrotoxicity prevent the use of these agents [8]
At the doses administered per oral route (p.o.), the ethanol extract from Vernonia polyanthes leaves (EEVP) was toxic to animals with LD50 of 2.78 g/kg
Summary
Inflammation is a reaction of the body against an aggressive agent, characterized by vasodilatation and access of fluid and cells to the target tissue [1]. The genus Vernonia, one of the largest and most important member of the Asteraceae family, is represented by approximately 1500 species [10] Plants of this genus, as Vernonia polyanthes Less, are found in South America, and have been traditionally used as diuretic, hypotensive, antihemorragic, sedative, abortive, anthelmintic, antiulcerogenic, antirheumatic, cicatrizing and anti-inflammatory [11,12]. Among different studies of Vernonia, the investigations regarding antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects are important [13,14,15]. Considering the medicinal use for treatment of rheumatism, cicatrisation and inflammation and the lack scientific validation supported in pharmacological and clinical studies, the present investigation was designed to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of EEVP using experimental animal models. Preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted in order to determine the presence of the main classes of constituents in this extract
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