Abstract
Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamk. (Solanaceae) is a perennial prickly herb traditionally used in folk medicine to treat different ailments. This study evaluated the methanol extract of S. sisymbriifolium leaf (MSS) (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg; p.o.) for analgesic activity using heat- and chemical-induced pain models such as hot plate, tail immersion, formalin-induced licking and acetic acid-induced writhing. Interaction with the opioid receptor system was verified using naloxone to antagonize the effect of MSS, if any. MSS demonstrated significant and dose-dependent antinociceptive activity, though moderate, in both hot plate and tail immersion test (p < 0.05). Naloxone reversed the antinociceptive effect in both tests. MSS produced profound antinociceptive effect in formalin test and acetic acid-induced writhing at 400 mg/kg dose. These results imply that the antinociceptive effect of MSS is mainly due to its central effect and peripheral effects also contribute to some extent. These results provide preliminary evidence of antinociceptive activity of S. sisymbriifolium leaves and the potential of the plant in treating different painful conditions.
Highlights
Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamk. (Solanaceae) is a densely prickly perennial herb commonly known as sticky nightshade
Solasodine is effective in skin tumor treatment (Cham et al, 1987; Cham et al, 1991). Nuatigenosido isolated from this plant has been reported to have cardiovascular effect (Ibarrola et al, 2006). The use of this plant in folk medicine in different ailments and analgesic report of whole plant extract by Shilpi et al (2005) in acetic acid-induced writing motivated this study to evaluate the methanol extract of S. sisymbriifolium (MSS) leaf in different peripheral and central pain models in mice to find out whether the leaf is the major contributor in the effect as well the possible pathways involved in the analgesic effect
It is believed that hot plate method demonstrates the supraspinal reflex mediated by μ1- and μ2-opioid receptors whereas the tail immersion test monitors the spinal reflex involving μ2- and δ-opioid receptors (Arslan and Bektas, 2010)
Summary
Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamk. (Solanaceae) is a densely prickly perennial herb commonly known as sticky nightshade. The plant is traditionally used in the treatment of stomachache, remitting fever, hysteria (Uddin, 2016), respiratory tract infections, central nervous system (CNS) disorders and diarrhea (Ibarrola et al, 2000; Ferro et al, 2005). This plant is used as diuretic, antihypertensive (Gonzales Torrez, 1992), emenagogue and fertility regulator (Martinez-Crovetto, 1981). The use of this plant in folk medicine in different ailments and analgesic report of whole plant extract by Shilpi et al (2005) in acetic acid-induced writing motivated this study to evaluate the methanol extract of S. sisymbriifolium (MSS) leaf in different peripheral and central pain models in mice to find out whether the leaf is the major contributor in the effect as well the possible pathways involved in the analgesic effect
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