Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of the study was to assess the bacterial resistance and annual antibiotic consumption at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia over a two-year period.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017.ResultsThe results showed that there was no significant difference between 2016 and 2017 data regarding patient characteristics like bed occupancy rate, the average length of stay, and the number of admissions; the same was true for bacterial characteristics like the number of bacteria, percentage of isolates in the group, and multidrug resistance (MDR) percentage (p: >0.05). Between 2016 and 2017, there was a slight reduction in the sensitivity of Escherichia coli (E. coli) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) (97%, 86%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) CRE (80%, 76%) towards colistin. There was also a decrease in the sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) from 42% to 29% against tigecycline, but an increase in the sensitivity of K. pneumoniae CRE (33%, 50%) and E. coli CRE (76%, 82%). The percentage of MDR strains in gram-positive bacteria showed that more than half of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were methicillin-resistant (61%, 59%) in 2016 and 2017 respectively. There was a reduction in the percentage of MDR strains in some gram-negative bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) MDRO (24%, 19%),E. coli extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) (56%, 50%), E. coli CRE (4%, 1%), K. pneumoniae CRE (49%, 33%), A. baumannii CRE (90%, 76%), and Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) ESBL (54%, 50%).ConclusionMDRO bacteria are very common in the hospital where the study was conducted. Immediate action is required to tackle this problem.
Highlights
The first antibiotic, penicillin, was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 [1]
The results showed that there was no significant difference between 2016 and 2017 data regarding patient characteristics like bed occupancy rate, the average length of stay, and the number of admissions; the same was true for bacterial characteristics like the number of bacteria, percentage of isolates in the group, and multidrug resistance (MDR) percentage (p: >0.05)
Between 2016 and 2017, there was a slight reduction in the sensitivity of Escherichia coli (E. coli) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) (97%, 86%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) CRE (80%, 76%) towards colistin
Summary
Doctors have been able to save millions of lives It did not take long for the threat of infections to return when some bacteria strains were found not susceptible to penicillin. The development of resistance to antibiotics has become faster, and the emergence of strains for which there is no treatment, such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and colistin-resistant bacteria, have been reported from various countries [3]. To handle this issue, there have been initiatives to develop new antibiotics, and an emphasis has been placed on the rational use of existing ones. The aim of this study was to assess bacterial resistance and annual antibiotic consumption at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia over a two-year period
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