Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the development of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor platform equipped with multiple channels for the simultaneous determination of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus (VSE). Drug resistance of S. aureus strains against cefoxitin and Enterococcus strains against vancomycin were investigated both using the minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC) assay and the SPR system equipped with single and multiple channels. The MIC values of MRSA and MSSA ranged from 32 µg/mL to >128 µg/mL and from 1 µg/mL to 4 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC values of VRE and VSE were between 64 to >128 µg/mL and 2–4 µg/mL, respectively. With the multiple-channel system, the angle shifts of MRSA, MSSA, VRE and VSE were found to be −0.030° and −0.260°, −0.010° and −0.090° respectively. The antibiotic-resistant and susceptible strains were distinguished within 3 h for S. aureus strains and within 6 h for Enterococcus strains.
Highlights
Nosocomial infections, which are known as the primary cause of mortality for hospitalized patients, are often acquired by patients during medical care
A total of 40 bacterial strains were evaluated for susceptibility to antibiotics using the microdilution method
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of the remaining strains of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ranged from 32 μg/mL to
Summary
Nosocomial infections, which are known as the primary cause of mortality for hospitalized patients, are often acquired by patients during medical care. These infections lead to prolonged hospital stays, a decrease in quality of life, an increase in morbidity and mortality, loss of man-power and increase in health expenditures [1]. According to the World Health Organization, 4,544,100 cases of nosocomial infections influence 4,131,000 patients every year in Europe and cause an economic loss of approximately €7 billion [2]. The rates of nosocomial infections in developed and developing countries are 7% and 10%, respectively [3]. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) are the most common hospital pathogens that affect hospitalized and immunocompromised patients
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