Antimicrobial Resistance Determinant of Vibrio species recovered from selected freshwaters in Southwest Nigeria

Abstract

Antimicrobial Resistance Determinant of Vibrio species recovered from selected freshwaters in South West Nigeria1Ibukun Modupe Adesiyan and 1Mary Adejumoke Bisi-Johnson,21Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria 2Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, NigeriaBACKGROUND: Reduction in the burden of infectious diseases has been made possible since the discovery of antimicrobial agent. However, the development of resistance and its quick spread is negating the effectiveness of antibiotics therapy. METHODS: A total of 315 Vibrio isolates recovered from selected freshwater sources in South West Nigeria were confirmed by simplex polymerase chain reaction technique using toxR gene. All confirmed isolates were tested for In vitro susceptibility to 18 antibiotics using the standardized agar disc-diffusion assay and the resistant isolates were further profiled for their genotypic antimicrobial resistance determinants by PCR. RESULTS: Of the 18 antimicrobials selected from 10 families, resistance among sulphonamides (94%), Macrolides (95%), and tetracyclines (83%), occurred with higher frequency than others. Multi-drug resistance ranged from three to nine antimicrobials. Prevalence and distributions of 11 resistance determinant were obtained as follows; [sulfonamides (sulI (19%), sulII (33%)], [beta-lactams; (ampC 39%; blaOXA (27%), blapse (11%)], and [aminoglycosides; (aacC2 (24%), aphA1 (14%),strA (39%)]. Strong positive correlations between Cd and blapse, Cr and sulII (Vibrio spp.) and As and aphA2 (P. shigelloides) were observed. CONCLUSION: This study revealed high prevalence of multidrug resistance Vibrio spp. and their resistance determinant in this environment. This indicates that these fresh waters poses health risk to the populace if consumed untreated. Therefore there is need for continuous surveillance and monitoring of water bodies in order to safeguard the health of the populace.