Abstract
In the current study, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of titanium hydroxyapatite (TiHA), a photo-oxidizing organic material, in denture base resin on single-species biofilms formed by laboratory bacteria and on multispecies biofilms formed by bacteria from the human saliva. Although TiHA reportedly restricts the growth of planktonic bacteria upon ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation, the antimicrobial effect of TiHA on bacterial biofilms remains to be elucidated. Resin specimens were prepared by adding TiHA to polymethyl methacrylate-based, denture base resin. The specimens were incubated with biofilm-forming Streptococcus sanguinis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or bacteria from the human saliva obtained from volunteers. After UVA irradiation, the colony-forming units (CFUs) from the biofilms formed on the specimens were determined. CFU numbers for S. sanguinis, A. naeslundii, and S. aureus that formed biofilms on TiHA-containing specimens were significantly lower than those formed on specimens without TiHA. TiHA did not reduce the CFUs of biofilm-forming E. coli. In all cases, CFU numbers in the biofilms formed on TiHA-containing specimens by the salivary bacteria were significantly reduced. In addition, neither a 56 h UVA irradiation nor a 28 d soaking in water diminished the antibacterial effect of TiHA. TiHA in denture base resin exerts an antimicrobial effect on single-species bacterial biofilms and biofilms formed by a wide variety of bacteria from human saliva.
Highlights
With a recent increase of the aging population, the number of people missing teeth is increasing
We evaluated the antimicrobial effect of titanium hydroxyapatite (TiHA) against bacterial biofilms formed on denture base resin, and the effect against planktonic bacteria
These findings demonstrated wasvolunteers, largely effective only species biofilms (Figure 3)that and was largely effective against single-bacterium species biofilms (Figure and multispecies multispecies of biofilms formed by bacteria from the human saliva (Figure 4)
Summary
With a recent increase of the aging population, the number of people missing teeth is increasing. Oral function compromised by tooth loss is generally restored by prosthodontic treatments, including the use of dentures [1]. Poor denture cleansing leads to denture stomatitis [5], and results in more serious infectious diseases, such as aspiration pneumonia [6,7]. Cleaning of dentures is effective at ensuring oral hygiene and general health, denture cleanliness and oral hygiene of denture wearers is generally poor, thereby facilitating the formation and accumulation of an oral biofilm [8,9]. Clinical studies have reported that disrupting the biofilm may be more important than the use of antifungal or antimicrobial agents in the prevention and treatment of denture stomatitis [10,11]. Mechanical cleansing is an effective measure for routine
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