Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics as prophylactics and therapeutic agents has increased the risk of emergence and spread of resistant bacteria leading to prolonged and expensive treatment and greater risk of death in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of the methanol extract of Jatropha tanjorensis leaves on multi antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from poultry droppings. Multi antibiotic resistant bacterial isolates from poultry dropping already identified from previous research were used. The plant extract was obtained by soxhlet extraction process, susceptibility test was caried out using well in agar diffusion method. The percentage yield of the plant extract using soxhlet extraction process with methanol was 22.84%. The qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, cardenolide, steroids, terpenoids, anthraquinone, alkaloids, fixed oil and carbohydrate. The extract showed competitive zones of inhibition on Escherichia fergusonii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterobacter clocae, Lysinibacillus sphaericus and Salmonella typhimerium. Enterobacter clocae had the highest zone of inhibition of 17mm at a concentration of 100mg/ml, 10mm at 80mg/ml and 8mm at 50 mg/ml. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia had the lowest zone of inhibition of 10mm at 100mg/ml, 8mm at 80mg/l and 7mm at 50mg/ml. These zones of inhibitions show the antimicrobial potency of Jatropha tajorensis on antibiotic resistant bacteria. Compared with synthetic antibiotics or inorganic chemicals, this plant-derived extract is natural, less toxic, typically residue free with high rate of metabolism. The result of this study gives credence to claims of the medicinal and nutritional properties of Jatropha tanjorensis.
Highlights
Antibiotics are without doubt miracle medications, they provide the main basis for the therapy of microbial infections
The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial potential of the methanol extract of J. tanjorensis leaves on multiantibiotic resistant bacteria isolates from poultry droppings
The antimicrobial potency of the methanol extract of J. tanjorensis is leaves is attributed to the innate presence of bioactive compounds which includes tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinone, terpenoid, fixed oil, carbohydrate and cardenolide as succinctly reported by Tarawneh et al, [5]
Summary
Antibiotics are without doubt miracle medications, they provide the main basis for the therapy of microbial (bacterial and fungal) infections. They have fought many infectious diseases and saved millions of lives. The recent failure of antibiotics due to the rapid spread of new infections and the dramatic emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens has prompted health organizations and pharmaceutical industries around the world to begin screening plants for the development of new pharmaceuticals to address both old and new health problems [1]. Phytochemicals have been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity against sensitive and resistant infections through a variety of ways [3].The plant kingdom offers a wide range of natural phytobiotics and medicinal plants.
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