Antimicrobial effect of chloroform Hibiscus sabdariffa extract on pathogenic bacteria

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract on oral and dental bacterial pathogens. Materials and Methods: In this study, the extract of H. sabdariffa was isolated by maceration with chloroform and concentrated by a rotary evaporator. The antimicrobial effects were examined using broth microdilution, and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values were determined. Next, the effect of different concentrations of extract on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus salivarius was investigated by disc diffusion method. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software (SPSS Inc., 233 South Wacker Drive, 11th Floor, Chicago, IL 60606-6412), and the results were presented as mean (± standard deviation). Results: The results of this study showed that the chloroform extract of H. sabdariffa had inhibitory and bactericidal effects on three bacteria in both broth microdilution and disc diffusion methods. In broth microdilution, S. mutans and S. salivarius were more resistant to H. sabdariffa extract than S. pyogenes. In disc diffusion method, the highest inhibitory effect of the extract was observed on S. pyogenes at 25 μg/ml with a growth inhibition zone diameter of 13.03 ± 0.15 mm. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be argued that the chloroform extract of H. sabdariffa is effective in inhibiting S. pyogenes, S. mutans, and S. salivarius in both broth microdilution and disc diffusion methods.