Antimicrobial and antiurolithiatic activities of pure and silver doped copper oxide nanoparticles using Moringa Oleifera leaf extract on struvite urinary stones

Abstract

The development of nanoparticles plays a significant role in contemporary medicament. Struvite stones are associated with urinary tract infection, there are several techniques provided including drug therapy, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in consequence, the present study was focused onto attain the antiurolithiatic activity of pure and 20% of Ag-doped CuO nanoparticles mediated from Moringa Oleifera leaf extract. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray Diffraction. The Monoclinic structure and the average crystallite size for pure and 20% Ag-doped CuO nanoparticles were found to be 15.22nm and 3.67nm. The surface morphology of the specimens was analyzed by Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. FE-SEM images showed nanostructures for pure and 20% Ag-doped CuO nanoparticles. The average particle size obtained for the nanoparticles from FE-SEM was found to be in the range of 12.84 nm-14.52 nm & 2.55 nm-5.04 nm was in good agreement with the average crystallite size from XRD results. TEM images displayed that CuO nanoparticles were distributed uniformly and for 20% Ag-doped CuO nanoparticles, Ag nanoparticles adhered on the surface of CuO nanoparticles. The presence of the synthesized materials was detected by Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis. Functional groups were identified by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. From, Zeta Potential analysis, the negative potential value of -34.23 mV and -36.12 mV for green synthesized nanoparticles were identified. The diffraction patterns and functional groups of struvite crystals were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The inhibitory effect of synthesized 20% Ag-doped CuO nanoparticles showed a percentage of inhibition of 86.95% as compared with pure CuO showed 81.52% at a 5% concentration. Maximum inhibition was observed for 20% Ag-doped CuO nanoparticles against bacterial pathogens such as S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli (8mm) in diameter and fungal Candida albicans (6mm) in diameter. Therefore the present study revealed that the synthesized pure and 20% Ag-doped CuO Nps mediated from M. Oleifera leaf extract encourage the creation of ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate crystals and reduction in nucleation rate of urinary tract infection causing struvite stones.