Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Lingonberry Mouthwash - A Clinical Pilot Study in the Oral Cavity.

Pärnänen Pärnänen,Nikula-Ijäs Nikula-Ijäs,Sorsa Sorsa

doi:10.3390/microorganisms7090331

Pärnänen Pärnänen, Nikula-Ijäs Nikula-Ijäs + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090331

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Abstract

Fermented lingonberry juice was designed to be used as a mouthwash. Our aim was to study the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of the mouthwash in the oral cavity. A clinical study of 30 adult participants was performed. A total of 20 participants used 10 mL of the mouthwash twice daily for two weeks and 10 participants used 20 mL twice daily for one week. Streptococcus mutans, Candida and Lactobacilli were cultivated at the beginning, after the mouthwash period and after a washout period. At the same timepoints an additional oral mouthrinse was collected for chair-side/point-of-care (POC)-PerioSafe®/OraLyzer® aMMP-8 quantitative on-line evaluation, and an oral clinical investigation was performed. Mean Streptococcus mutans and Candida counts, visible plaque index (VPI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were reduced, and Lactobacilli counts increased during the lingonberry mouthwash period. The aMMP-8 mouthrinses showed reduced values in both test groups when compared to the startpoint. The mouthrinse aMMP-8 reduction correlated with the reductions in microbial counts, VPI and BOP. Based on the results, fermented lingonberry juice seems a promising aid in oral homecare, diminishing the microbial and related proinflammatory burden by balancing the oral microbial flora and gradually lowering the inflammatory load in the oral cavity.

Highlights

IntroductionLingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) in the diet, like other berries, are thought to have beneficial health effects [1]
Candida and S. mutans counts diminished in both groups
Fermented lingonberry juice is rich in complex phenolic compounds which act as antioxidants [3,4]

Summary

Introduction

Lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) in the diet, like other berries, are thought to have beneficial health effects [1]. They contain phenolic substances [2,3] and several in vitro and in vivo studies show e.g., antioxidative [4,5], antimicrobial [6,7,8,9], anti-inflammatory [10,11], anticancerous [12,13] and improved hepatic function and glycemia [14] effects of lingonberries, but to our knowledge scarce clinical studies have been conducted on the effects to the oral cavity. Natural products are of great interest and wild berry-derived or even marine-derived compounds [19] have been studied increasingly

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