Abstract
Regarded as one of the best solutions to replace missing teeth in the oral cavity, dental implants have been the focus of plenty of studies and research in the past few years. Antimicrobial coatings are a promising solution to control and prevent bacterial infections that compromise the success of dental implants. In the last few years, new materials that prevent biofilm adhesion to the surface of titanium implants have been reported, ranging from improved methods to already established coating surfaces. The purpose of this review is to present the developed antimicrobial and antibiofilm coatings that may have the potential to reduce bacterial infections and improve the success rate of titanium dental implants. All referred coating surfaces showed high antimicrobial properties with effectiveness in biofilm control, while maintaining implant biocompatibility. We expect that by combining the use of oligonucleotide probes as a covering material with novel peri-implant adjuvant therapies, we will be able to avoid the downsides of other covering materials (such as antibiotic resistance), prevent bacterial infections, and raise the success rate of dental implants. The existing knowledge on the optimal coating material for dental implants is limited, and further research is needed before more definitive conclusions can be drawn.
Highlights
Replacing missing teeth with dental implants is one of the most common treatment options with a great success rate
This review aims to examine a wide range of coating materials and procedures in order to determine which novel solutions offer the best chances of producing a viable anti-fouling surface coating for dental implants
Recent studies were able to combine bactericidal and bacteriostatic materials granting both properties to titanium surfaces [9]
Summary
Replacing missing teeth with dental implants is one of the most common treatment options with a great success rate. They still fail a significant number of times due to infections such as peri-implant mucositis, a biofilm-induced inflammation that can trigger bone loss, and result in peri-implantitis [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Peri-implant mucositis is a biofilminduced inflammation localized on the soft peri-implant mucosa, without any evidence of supporting bone loss (Figure 1B) [8] It develops from healthy peri-implant mucosa around osseointegrated dental implants after the accumulation of bacterial biofilms. In order to prevent bacterial infections, surface coatings with antipmriecsreonbtiaelryptrhoepmerat,iesws welelirnegh, yapnodthsuepsipzuedrattoiobne[a2]r.eClilaibnliecaslosltuutdioinesfroerptohritsepdrroebvleemrsi.bility of peri-iTmitpanlainutmmimucpolsaintitsssatraetesuasfcteerptaitblleeatsotbthacrteeeriwaleaedkhs eosfiobnet(tFeirgourrael1hBy)gdieepneenadnidngboionfitlhme ctiibmmroeingpptgtrllreaaeoannrlttteti[hts3diue]s.br[gfy8Nar]caa.oeddndu[e1iatn2hl]ge.dlImeenssatsort,eruidrcfietalirelosftntoouropnfaregttrvheeeneanttbsetodibnn,aetcthhtseeeurfiriaonrlorflmcuaonmlodofmninciaozgtaaotttrhiinoyengpis,mrt(ohFpceilegatsuinstratem,nr1iaeuAysm)up[ls1triuo1ngr]g.fraeicsnes pmaenardyi-
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