Abstract
Objective: To chemically characterize Spondias mombin L. extracts and to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of these extracts on Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Material and methods: Both extracts were submitted to phytochemical prospecting and thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis prior to determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Inhibitory Adhesion Concentration (MIAC) and Bactericidal Kinetics (BK). The Student’s t-test was used to compare MIC results at the 5% significance level. The chemical characterization, MIAC and BK data were analyzed descriptively. Results: Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and saponins were detected in the extracts. The hydroethanolic extracts in different concentrations showed statistically superior inhibitory bacterial growth activity (p <0.05) compared to the control against the two investigated microorganisms, whereas the aqueous extracts (also in different concentrations) was statistically superior (p <0.05) to the control only against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The anti-adherent effect of both extracts was superior to that of the control for P. aeruginosa, and similar to that for E. faecalis. In their crude and diluted concentrations, aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts showed bactericidal action within the first two to four hours of contact with the bacteria. Conclusion: Spondias mombin L. extracts in different concentrations showed superior antimicrobial activity than 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate against the microorganisms with this activity associated to the chemical characterization of these extracts.
Highlights
Facing the limitations of mechanical oral hygiene methods, antimicrobial agents have been proposed with the purpose of reducing the adhesion, growth and proliferation of microorganisms in the oral environment and to modify the biochemical activity and ecology of dental biofilm
The present study proposed to perform phytochemical screening of a very common plant extract in Latin American countries, and to compare its antimicrobial activity against two microorganisms in the oral cavity which are difficult to eradicate, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis, with the antimicrobial activity of 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate solution which is considered the gold standard in dentistry
With regard to the chemical characterization of the extracts, the results of this research revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and saponins through a previous phytochemical prospection followed by a thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis; which is in agreement with what was found in the study by Medeiros et al (2013) (Medeiros et al, 2013)
Summary
Facing the limitations of mechanical oral hygiene methods, antimicrobial agents have been proposed with the purpose of reducing the adhesion, growth and proliferation of microorganisms in the oral environment and to modify the biochemical activity and ecology of dental biofilm. 1999; Rams et al, 2013; Wei & Jingping, 2015) This microorganism is often isolated from root canals (Zoletti et al, 2011), is highly related to failures in endodontic therapy (Łysakowska et al, 2016) and can still be found in high proportions in the subgingival biofilm of individuals with periodontitis (Colombo et al, 2013). It can spread through the bloodstream, reaching vital organs, developing systemic diseases or causing sepsis in immunocompromised individuals (Beganovic et al, 2013)
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