Abstract
SummaryIn an effort to prevent the formation of pathogenic biofilms on hydroxyapatite (HA)‐based clinical devices and surfaces, we present a study evaluating the antimicrobial efficacy of Spherical biogenic Se‐Nanostructures Embedded in Organic material (Bio Se‐NEMO‐S) produced by Bacillus mycoides SelTE01 in comparison with two different chemical selenium nanoparticle (SeNP) classes. These nanomaterials have been studied as potential antimicrobials for eradication of established HA‐grown biofilms, for preventing biofilm formation on HA‐coated surfaces and for inhibition of planktonic cell growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 12934 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Bio Se‐NEMO resulted more efficacious than those chemically produced in all tested scenarios. Bio Se‐NEMO produced by B. mycoides SelTE01 after 6 or 24 h of Na2SeO3 exposure show the same effective antibiofilm activity towards both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus strains at 0.078 mg ml−1 (Bio Se‐NEMO 6) and 0.3125 mg ml−1 (Bio Se‐NEMO 24). Meanwhile, chemically synthesized SeNPs at the highest tested concentration (2.5 mg ml−1) have moderate antimicrobial activity. The confocal laser scanning micrographs demonstrate that the majority of the P. aeruginosa and S. aureus cells exposed to biogenic SeNPs within the biofilm are killed or eradicated. Bio Se‐NEMO therefore displayed good antimicrobial activity towards HA‐grown biofilms and planktonic cells, becoming possible candidates as new antimicrobials.
Highlights
In the last 20 years, the potential to use nanoparticles (NPs) as antimicrobial agents has been evaluated (Ankamwar et al, 2005)
Biogenic selenium nanoparticle (SeNP) produced by B. mycoides SelTE01 after 6 h of Na2SeO3 exposure are characterized by a sharp peak at 160 Æ 58.6 nm (Fig. 1A), while a broad and shifted peak of 209.1 Æ 79.1 nm has been detected for those obtained after 24 h of growth in the presence of the selenite precursor (Fig. 1B)
Polydispersity indexes (PDIs) of both chemically and biogenically synthesized SeNPs have been evaluated to study the stability of NPs in solution
Summary
In the last 20 years, the potential to use nanoparticles (NPs) as antimicrobial agents has been evaluated (Ankamwar et al, 2005). The focus was to synthesize NPs using various chemical methods Both the high cost of production and presence of toxic by-products generated a demand for novel methods to synthesize NPs (Ankamwar et al, 2005). Biological systems such as plants, fungi and bacteria have the capacity to convert several toxic metal ions into less toxic forms including metal precipitants or NPs (Suresh et al, 2004; Bhainsa and D’Souza, 2006; Song et al, 2009). AgNP synthesis using bacterial cell extracts from Lactobacillus acidophilus (Rajesh et al, 2015) or Corynebacterium glutamicum (Gowramma et al, 2015) has been investigated
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