Abstract
BackgroundHemoglobin is a rich source of biological peptides. As a byproduct and even wastewater of poultry-slaughtering facilities, chicken blood is one of the most abundant source of hemoglobin.ResultsIn this study, the chicken hemoglobin antimicrobial peptides (CHAP) were isolated and the antimicrobial and bactericidal activities were tested by the agarose diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis, minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) analysis, and time-dependent inhibitory and bactericidal assays. The results demonstrated that CHAP had potent and rapid antimicrobial activity against 19 bacterial strains, including 9 multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Bacterial biofilm and NaCl permeability assays, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were further performed to detect the mechanism of its antimicrobial effect. Additionally, CHAP showed low hemolytic activity, embryo toxicity, and high stability in different temperatures and animal plasma.ConclusionCHAP may have great potential for expanding production and development value in animal medication, the breeding industry and environment protection.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0904-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Hemoglobin is a rich source of biological peptides
Detected by Tricine SDS –PAGE, the collected chicken hemoglobin antimicrobial peptides (CHAP) showed band around 3.3 KDa (Fig. 1c). This band was further analyzed and peptides of gallus hemoglobin subunit alpha were confirmed by mass spectrum
Determination of antimicrobial and bactericidal activity Antimicrobial effect of CHAP The results of antibacterial activity of CHAP detected via agarose diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay and inhibitory rate assay are shown in the columns 2–4 in Table 1.These results demonstrated that CHAP performed potent antimicrobial activities against both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, including 9 multidrugresistant strains
Summary
Hemoglobin is a rich source of biological peptides. As a byproduct and even wastewater of poultryslaughtering facilities, chicken blood is one of the most abundant source of hemoglobin. Due to the widespread use and even abuse of conventional antibiotics, antibiotic resistance is rampant all over the world, which limits the lifespan of commercial antibiotics and results in the urgent demand of new platforms for efficient antibiotic discovery [1, 2]. Substantial AMPs have been discovered over the past decades, only a small part of them have been used because of high costs and potential cytotoxicity [1, 6]. Finding efficient, nontoxic and low-cost AMPs is urgent in promoting AMPs’ practical applications
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