Abstract
Objective To evaluate the antimalarial effect of aqueous methanolic extract and solvent fractions of Meriandra dianthera leaves against Plasmodium berghei in mice model. Method M. dianthera leaves were extracted with 80% methanol and dried. The dried crude extract was then defatted and further fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol. Acute oral toxicity test was performed as per the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline 425. Peter's 4-day suppressive test was used to determine the in vivo antimalarial activity of the extract and fractions. Result The crude leaf extract of Meriandra dianthera leaves against P < 0.001) chemosuppression compared to the negative control. Both the extract and fractions were able to prevent P. berghei induced body weight loss and body temperature reduction and also increased the survival time of the mice as compared to the negative control. The aqueous methanolic leaf extract of M. dianthera leaves were extracted with 80% methanol and dried. The dried crude extract was then defatted and further fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol. Acute oral toxicity test was performed as per the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline 425. Peter's 4-day suppressive test was used to determine the Conclusion The extracts of M. dianthera leaves showed promising antimalarial activity, with no sign of toxicity and therefore may support its traditional use for the treatment of malaria.M. dianthera leaves were extracted with 80% methanol and dried. The dried crude extract was then defatted and further fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol. Acute oral toxicity test was performed as per the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline 425. Peter's 4-day suppressive test was used to determine the
Highlights
Malaria is a preventable and curable disease, yet it remains an overwhelming tropical disease, with high infection and mortality data [1]
At the dose of 200 mg/kg, no significant chemosuppression was observed. e mice in the positive control group treated with chloroquine phosphate (CQ) at a dose of 25 mg/kg were free of any parasitaemia on day four
No mouse died in the positive control group up to 30th day after treatment, whereas all mice died in the negative control group on the 7th day after infection. e crude extract prolonged mean survival time of the study mice in a dose-dependent manner (Table 1), indicating that the extract might suppress P. berghei and diminished the overall pathologic effect of the parasite on the study mice
Summary
Malaria is a preventable and curable disease, yet it remains an overwhelming tropical disease, with high infection and mortality data [1]. It is caused by a protozoan parasite belonging to the genus Plasmodium [2]. More than one hundred different species of Plasmodium exist and produce malaria in many types of animals. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Malaria Report 2019, roughly 228 million cases and 405,000 deaths from malaria were estimated in the year 2018 worldwide. More than 90% of the cases and deaths were in Africa and approximately 70% of the global deaths from malaria were in under-five children [4]
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