Antimalarial activities of Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae) and Crossopteryx febrifuga (Rubiaceae) on mice in vivo

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Ethanolic extracts of the aerial part of Tithonia diversifolia and the stem bark of Crossopteryx febrifuga were investigated against early, residual (repository) and established malaria infections in vivo using Swiss albino mice at a dose range of 50–400 mg/kg per day. Chloroquine at 5 mg/kg per day was used as the positive control for the early and established infections while Pyrimethamine at 1.2 3/kg per day was used as the positive control for the residual infection test. Dose dependent chemo suppressive activities were obtained at the different levels of the infection tested. Tithonia diversifolia and Crossopteryx febrifuga gave some level of suppression of parasitaemia in the early and established infection stages. Tithonia diversifolia was active at 200 mg/kg per day in the repository test. The mean survival period of the mice treated with the extract in the established infection test was low, a possible indication of toxicity as a result of sub chronic administration of the extract. Crossopteryx febrifuga was inactive in the repository test. Beside the above limitations, the suppression of parasitaemia by the extracts at the highest dose was similar to chloroquine and pyrimathamine.