Abstract
This study investigated the in vivo antileukemic activity of palladium nanoparticles (Pd@W.tea-NPs) mediated by white tea extract in a murine model. The cell viability effect of Pd@W.tea-NPs, “blank” Pd nanoparticles, and white tea extract alone was determined in murine leukemia WEHI-3B cells and normal mouse fibroblasts (3T3 cells). Apoptotic and cell cycle arrest effects of Pd@W.tea-NPs in WEHI-3B cells were evaluated. The effects of Pd@W.tea-NPs administered orally to leukemic mice at 50 and 100 mg/kg daily over 28 days were evaluated. Pd@W.tea-NPs reduced the viability of WHEI-3B cells with IC50 7.55 μg/ml at 72 h. Blank Pd nanoparticles and white tea extract alone had smaller effects on WHEI-3B viability and on normal fibroblasts. Pd@W.tea-NPs increased the proportion of Annexin V-positive WHEI-3B cells and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Leukemic cells in the spleen were reduced by Pd@W.tea-NPs with an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 and cytochrome-C protein and mRNA levels indicating the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. These effects replicated the effects of ATRA and were not observed using blank Pd nanoparticles. Pd@W.tea-NPs afford therapeutic efficacy against leukemia likely to pivot on activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptotic signaling and hence appear attractive potential candidates for development as a novel anticancer agent.
Highlights
A substantial proportion of 10 million new cancers reported globally each year, and of those, 6 million annual cancer deaths are due to leukemia [1]
White tea (Camellia sinensis), which is harvested before the leaves open fully, when the young buds are still covered by fine white hairs [12], has been used as a traditional treatment for various diseases including diabetes, inflammation, obesity, aging, osteoporosis, and cancer [16]
We reported the first synthesis of a palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) composite using white tea extract. e in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities toward the human leukemia (MOLT-4) cell line were enhanced compared with normal human fibroblasts [7]
Summary
A substantial proportion of 10 million new cancers reported globally each year, and of those, 6 million annual cancer deaths are due to leukemia [1]. White tea (Camellia sinensis), which is harvested before the leaves open fully, when the young buds are still covered by fine white hairs [12], has been used as a traditional treatment for various diseases including diabetes, inflammation, obesity, aging, osteoporosis, and cancer [16]. It is well-known for its high content of polyphenols, catechin [13, 16, 17]. It is well-known for its high content of polyphenols, catechin [13, 16, 17]. ese chemicals are known to have wide spectrum of biological effects such as antioxidant, anticancerous, antiviral, and antifungal effects [18, 19]
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