Abstract
Objective: Dietary curcumin and capsaicin are well known for their health beneficial potencies. The current study was done to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin, capsaicin and their combination by employing in vitro and in vivo models.Methods: We investigated the protective effect of curcumin, capsaicin and their combination using in vitro heat induced human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilisation, in vivo 3% agar induced leukocyte mobilisation and acetic acid induced vascular permeability assay.Results: Curcumin, capsaicin and their combination exhibited concentration dependent protective effect against heat-induced HRBC membrane destabilisation, while combined curcumin and capsaicin restored 87.0±0.64 % membrane stability and it is found to be better than curcumin, capsaicin and diclofenac sodium (75.0±0.25. 72±0.9 and 80.0±0.31 %) protective effect. In agar suspension induced leukocyte mobilization assay, the combined curcumin and capsaicin had shown 39.5±1.58 % of inhibition compared to individual curcumin and capsaicin, which showed moderate inhibition of 16.0±3.14 and 21.6±2.17 % respectively. Besides, the combined curcumin and capsaicin had shown highly significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in rats (62.0±3.14 %), whereas individual curcumin and capsaicin showed moderate inhibition of vascular permeability with 36.0±2.41 and 43.0±1.92 % respectively.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the significant anti-inflammatory property of combined curcumin and capsaicin at half of the individual concentration of curcumin and capsaicin.
Highlights
Inflammation is a complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli [1]
At the site of inflammation immune cells abrogate further invasion and multiplication of pathogens by phagocytosis [4] causing the production of several inflammatory mediators, including cytokines/chemokines, degrading enzymes, free radical oxygen and nitrogen species, and metalloproteases amplifying the inflammatory response and injury to surrounding tissues leading to inflammatory related diseases [6,7,8,9,10,11]
Since lysosomal membrane components resemble human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane components [37], thereby HRBC were employed in the study
Summary
Inflammation is a complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli [1]. Upon contact with the stimuli, immune cells undergo activation and release inflammatory mediators such as vasoactive amines and eicosanoids to remodel the local vasculature These mediators vasodilate and permeabilize the blood vessels causing exudation of blood plasma [2] results in enlarged and dilated blood vessels [3] thereby activation of leukocytes which play an important role in the development, propagation and maintenance of inflammation [4]. Mechanism of action, which is responsible for the health beneficial pharmacological activity of these two commonly used curcumin and capsaicin have been extensively studied and reported [21,22,23,24,25] These two spice principles share a considerable amount of structural homology possesses notable differences in the mechanism of action. These molecules shown to have decreased higher level of cholesterol and triglycerides in hypercholesterolemic and hyperlipidemic rats [23, 26]
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