Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Crude Venom Isolated from Parasitoid Wasp, Bracon hebetor Say.

Evelyn Saba,Yuan Yee Lee,Myung Gi Seo,Muhammad Irfan,Hyuk-Woo Kwon,Sang-Joon Park,Kyeong-Yeoll Lee,Man Hee Rhee,Tahir Shafeeq

doi:10.1155/2017/6978194

Abstract

Pest control in the agricultural fields, a major concern globally, is currently achieved through chemical or biological methods. Chemical methods, which leave toxic residue in the produce, are less preferred than biological methods. Venoms injected by stings of various wasps that kill the pest is considered as the examples of the biological method. Although several studies have investigated the biological control of pests through these venoms, very few studies have reported the effects of these venoms on mammalian cells. Bracon hebetor, an ectoparasitoid of the order Hymenoptera, is having a paramount importance in parasitizing various lepidopterous larvae including Plodia interpunctella also called as Indianmeal moth (IMM). Since it is biologically controlled by B. hebetor venom, therefore in our study, herein for the first time, we report the anti-inflammatory activities of the venom from B. hebetor (BHV). We developed a septic shock mice model for in vivo anti-inflammatory studies and RAW 264.7 cells for in vitro studies. Our results clearly demonstrate that BHV can dose dependently abrogate the nitric oxide (NO) production and suppress the levels of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines without posing any cytotoxicity via the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways.

Highlights

Parasitoids constitute a powerful weapon for the biological control of lepidopteran insects owing to their venomous and paralyzing stings
Our results have demonstrated that B. hebetor venom (BHV) dose dependently suppressed the nitric oxide (NO) production without any cytotoxicity with suppression in the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators both transcriptionally and translationally
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (Daegu, Korea), fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Welgene Co., Daejeon, Korea), streptomycin and penicillin (Lonza, MD, USA), TRIzol® reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), oligo dT (Bioneer Co., Daejeon, Korea), and primers for iNOS, COX-2, tissue necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-1β were purchased from Bioneer

Summary

Introduction

Parasitoids constitute a powerful weapon for the biological control of lepidopteran insects owing to their venomous and paralyzing stings. One of such parasitoids Bracon hebetor Say (HB), occupies a prime place for its parasitic relationship with Plodia interpunctella or the Indianmeal moth (IMM). The host-parasite relationship of P. interpunctella and B. hebetor has been studied extensively in the past, yet no study until now has highlighted the venom’s effects in any other context [2,3,4]. The current study on the BHV was conceptualized based on the already established effects of honey bee venom on mammalian ailments including inflammation and cancer and its application in human cosmetic industry [5,6,7]

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Conclusion