Abstract
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are the most cultivated and important vegetable crop in the world. These plants can wilt during crop growth due to fusarium wilt (fusariosis), a disease that damages tomato vascular systems. The Fusarium isolated and analyzed in this work correspond to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. The isolates were molecularly identified, and analysis was done on the in vitro effects of the nanoemulsions (previously obtained from extracts of Chilean medicinal plants of the genera Psoralea and Escallonia) to inhibit mycelial and conidial germination of the isolates. Subsequently, the nanoemulsions were evaluated under greenhouse conditions for preventive control of fusariosis in the root and crown, with high levels of disease control observed using the highest concentrations of these nanoemulsions, at 250 and 500 ppm.
Highlights
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is considered the most important and widely cultivated vegetable crop worldwide
Plant extract 4, based on a plant of the genus Psoralea, influenced the in vitro control of Forl conidia, reducing their viability compared to the other extracts evaluated
The nanoemulsion formulated based on this extract effectively controlled fusariosis in tomatoes caused by Forl under greenhouse conditions, reducing the damage to the plants, compared to the inoculated control plants
Summary
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is considered the most important and widely cultivated vegetable crop worldwide. In Chile, it is the most widely consumed vegetable, and approximately 5463 hectares are cultivated yearly for fresh tomato production [1]. Both are morphologically indistinguishable, which can make their identification difficult [3,4]. The availability of water facilitates entry and infection, causing symptoms of wilting from the basal zone to the apex of the plants by Fol, and root and crown rot by Forl [4]. The latter can be found in asymptomatic host plants of the families: Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Poaceae [8]
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