Abstract
Potato is one of the main crops worldwide. It this research, antifungal activity in vitro of paraquat and glyphosate were evaluated for Rhizoctonia solani control. R. solani was identified from potato tubers collected out from at open markets in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. Two types of herbicides were applied: paraquat and glyphosate, at four different dosage treatments of: 10, 100, 1 000 and 10 000 μL. One 5 mm diameter PDA disc with R. solani mycelium was placed at the center of the Petri dish, with a radial registry fungal every 24 h for 192 h. Pathogen was identified by morphological criteria and the data was evaluated randomly with a factorial arrangement, on which, herbicides represented factor A and dosage treatments were represented by factor B. Thus experimental design had two levels for factor A and five levels for factor B with six replications. The results were analyzed by the SAS version 9.1 statistical program, the mean separation with the Tukey test (p=0.05). Glyphosate achieved inhibition of R. solani by 35.5882% and paraquat up to 80.0399%. Results reveal the importance of the need for more studies of these herbicides as fungicides. High concentrations of paraquat (10 000 μL) inhibits R. solani, and glyphosate does not affect R. solani mycelium development at low dosages (10 and 100 μL) and inhibits it at higher doses (10 000 μL).
Highlights
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the four crops of greater importance in the world, just after rice (Oriza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.), with a production of 368 168 914 t in 2018 and in Mexico was 1 802 592 t (FAOSTAT, 2020), potato will be one of the key crops in reducing hunger and food security across the globe (Hussain et al, 2018)
Antifungal activity in vitro of paraquat and glyphosate were evaluated for Rhizoctonia solani control
One 5 mm diameter PDA disc with R. solani mycelium was placed at the center of the Petri dish, with a radial registry fungal every 24 h for 192 h
Summary
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the four crops of greater importance in the world, just after rice (Oriza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.), with a production of 368 168 914 t in 2018 and in Mexico was 1 802 592 t (FAOSTAT, 2020), potato will be one of the key crops in reducing hunger and food security across the globe (Hussain et al, 2018). Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] is a broad-spectrum herbicide and the more is one of the more frequently used herbicides worldwide (Vila-Aiub et al, 2008; Duke & Powles, 2008; Duke, 2018), in forestation, aquatic weed control and agriculture (Bórtoli et al, 2012), since its introduction in 1974 by the Monsanto company ( Bayer) with the commercial product Roundup (Woodburn, 2000). This herbicide disables, the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylsiquimato-3- synthetize phosphate, which prevents the union of metabolite phosphoenolpyruvate in the active site of the enzyme (Carrera & Carreras, 2011; Salazar & Aldana, 2011). Paraquat [Dichloride of N, N’-dimethyl-4, 4’-bipyridylium] is a non-selective contact herbicide, in 1969 was introduced to Mexico and to this day, despite its high toxicity, it is one of the more used compounds for the control of broadleaf and pasture weeds (Hernández & Martinez, 2006)
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